Table 1.
Measured parameter values for NAFLD status by HSI.
| Variables | Total (n = 1651) | Normal (n = 1230) | NAFLD (n = 421) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropometrics | ||||
| Age (years) | 58.2 ± 11.4 | 58.0 ± 11.4 | 58.7 ± 11.5 | 0.244 |
| Male, n (%) | 601 (36.4) | 451 (36.7) | 150 (35.6) | 0.725 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.2 ± 3.3 | 22.9 ± 2.3 | 28.0 ± 2.9 | <0.001 |
| Relative HGS (kg/BMI) | 1.25 ± 0.41 | 1.30 ± 0.40 | 1.10 ± 0.37 | <0.001 |
| Blood Markers | ||||
| AST (U/L) | 22.8 ± 10.2 | 21.5 ± 9.1 | 26.5 ± 12.3 | <0.001 |
| ALT (U/L) | 22.0 ± 15.3 | 18.2 ± 10.8 | 33.2 ± 20.3 | <0.001 |
| FBG (mg/dL) | 103.8 ± 26.1 | 99.0 ± 17.7 | 117.7 ± 38.8 | <0.001 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 195.6 ± 39.1 | 196.9 ± 37.3 | 191.6 ± 43.9 | 0.015 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 50.3 ± 12.6 | 51.9 ± 12.8 | 45.7 ± 10.8 | <0.001 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 147.9 ± 120.1 | 127.0 ± 104.9 | 172.7 ± 101.6 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 121.6 ± 16.9 | 120.1 ± 16.8 | 126.0 ± 16.2 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 75.8 ± 9.6 | 75.1 ± 9.6 | 78.1 ± 9.6 | <0.001 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 1.27 ± 2.3 | 1.18 ± 2.36 | 1.52 ± 2.03 | 0.007 |
| Health-Related Factors | ||||
| Smoking, n (%) | 523 (32.1) | 385 (31.8) | 138 (32.9) | 0.671 |
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 1012 (61.3) | 783 (63.7) | 229 (54.4) | 0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 481 (29.1) | 290 (23.6) | 191 (45.4) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 207 (12.5) | 97 (7.9) | 110 (26.1) | <0.001 |
| Pulmonary Function | ||||
| FEV1 (%pred.) | 90.7 ± 13.1 | 90.7 ± 13.3 | 90.7 ± 12.6 | 0.898 |
| FEV1 (L) | 2.5 ± 0.65 | 2.6 ± 0.65 | 2.5 ± 0.68 | 0.552 |
| FVC (%pred.) | 90.3 ± 12.6 | 91.5 ± 12.4 | 86.9 ± 12.3 | <0.001 |
| FVC (L) | 3.3 ± 0.82 | 3.31 ± 0.81 | 3.20 ± 0.85 | 0.014 |
| FEV1/FVC | 0.78 ± 0.07 | 0.77 ± 0.07 | 0.79 ± 0.06 | <0.001 |
| Steatosis Index | ||||
| HSI | 33.2 ± 4.8 | 31.0 ± 2.9 | 39.6 ± 3.2 | <0.001 |
BMI: body mass index, WC: waist circumference, HGS: hand grip strength, AST: aspartate transaminase, ALT: alanine aminotransferase, FBG: fasting blood glucose, TC: total cholesterol, HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG: triglyceride, SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, CRP: C-reactive protein, FEV1: values of forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FVC: values of forced vital capacity, HSI: hepatic steatosis index.