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. 2022 Jul 19;27(14):4603. doi: 10.3390/molecules27144603

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effects of xanthatin on LPS-induced mRNA levels of iNOS (A), COX-2 (B), TNF-α (C), IL-1β (D) and IL-6 (E) in RAW 264.7 cells. When cells were pre-treated with xanthatin and activated by LPS, the mRNA levels of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 was detected by qPCR. These results for the related mRNA expression levels were normalized with β-actin. Data is shown as means ± SDs (n = 3). #: significantly different compared to the control (CON) group, *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, as compared to the LPS-induced group.