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. 2022 Apr 10;74(5):892–901. doi: 10.1002/art.42043

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Involvement of M2 macrophages in the proliferation and activation of fibroblasts. A, Schematic illustration of the co‐cultivation of human fibroblasts (MRC‐5 cells) with conditioned medium derived from CD163+ M2 macrophages stimulated with loxoribine and/or CA‐4948. B, Representative image of MRC‐5 cells cultured in the conditioned medium derived from CD163+ cells in the presence or absence of loxoribine and/or CA‐4948. Bars = 100 μm. C, Proliferation of MRC‐5 cells cultured in the conditioned medium derived from of CD163+ cells in the presence or absence of loxoribine and/or CA‐4948 (n = 6 per group). D, Expression levels of mRNA for fibrosis‐related genes in MRC‐5 cells in the presence or absence of loxoribine and/or CA‐4948 (n = 6 per group). E, Production of type I collagen in MRC‐5 cells stimulated in the presence or absence of loxoribine and/or CA‐4948, as determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Data are shown as box plots. Each box represents the upper and lower interquartile range. Lines inside the boxes represent the median. Symbols represent individual subjects.* = P < 0.05; ** = P < 0.01, by Kruskal–Wallis test.