Figure 1.

Lactic acid bacteria agricultural application. (A). Anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity; (B) biopesticides and insecticides; (C) biofertilizer increases soil fertility, aeration and retention of moisture content, elevates the mineral uptake and organic decomposition, acetifies the soil and reduces pest diseases. (D) IAA, cytokinin, and siderophore secretion increases the root and shoot length and solubilizes the phosphate in the soil. (E) Heavy metal removal, detoxification of fungal mycotoxins, acidification by LA and organic acid, increases organic decomposition, and increases the organic content in the soil, biodegradation. (F) CRISPR-Cas systems and derived molecular machines, endogenous or exogenous engineering to enhanced functional attributes.