Table 2.

Lactic acid bacteria and their active compounds against plant pathogenic fungi.

Strains	Source	Active Compound	Active Spectrum	References
Antibacterial
L. plantarum	Cucumber pickle	Organic acids	Pseudomonas campestris	[67]
LAB strain	Tomato rhizosphere	None	Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum	[65,66]
LAB strain	Unknown	None	Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria	[65]
L. lactis	Curd	Glycolipid biosurfactants	E. coli	[63]
Antifungal
Lactobacillus species	Type culture	3-Phenyllactic acid	P. expansum, A. flavus	[13]
L. acidophilus	Chicken intestine	Organic acid	Fusarium sp., Alternaria alternate	[36,77]
L. amylovorus	Gluten-free sourdough	Fatty acid, LA, salicyclic acid	P. paneum, Cladosporium sp., Rhizopus oryzae, Endomyces fibuliger, Aspergillus sp., Fusarium culmorum	[36,78,79]
L. brevis	Brewing barley	Organic acid, proteinaceous	A. flavus, F. culmorum, Trichophyton tonsurans, Eurotium repens, Penicillium sp.	[79,80,81].
L casei	Dairy products	None	Trichophyton tonsurans, Penicillium sp.	[80,82]
L. coryniformis	Silage, flower, sourdough	PLA, proteinaceous	Aspergillus sp., Fusarium, Rhodotorula sp., Talaromyces flavus, Kluyveromyces sp.	[77,79]
L. fermentum	Fermented food and dairy products	Proteinaceous, PLA	A. niger, Fusarium graminearum, A. oryzae, A. niger, Fusarium sp.	[83,84]
L. harbinensis	Type strain	Fatty acids	Mucor racemosus	[85]
L. lactis	Wheat semolina	None	P. expansum	[82]
L. mesenteroides	Raw milk	LA, succinic acid, fatty acids	Penicillium species	[86]
L. plantarum	Plant materials, food grains, fermented soybean, raw milk	Fatty acids, LA, cyclic dipeptide, phenyllactic acid, peptides, succinic acid	Broad spectrum	[53,72,77,86,87,88,89,90,91]
L. paracasei	Dairy products, raw milk	Proteinaceous, LA, succinic acid, fatty acids	Fusarium sp.	[86,92]
L. pentosus	Fruit and fermented food	PLA	A. oryzae, A. niger, Fusarium sp.	[86]
Pediococcus pentosaceus	None	Proteinaceous, cyclic acids	Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Rhizopus stolonifer, Sclerotium oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia minor, Rhodotorula sp.	[10,17,77,84]
L. reuteri	Murine gut, porcine	None	F. graminearum, A. niger, Fusarium sp.	[80,83]
L. sakei	Leaves, dandelions, flour	Peptide, PLA	A. fumigatus, Fusarium species	[77]
L. salivarius	Chicken intestine	Peptide, PLA	A. nidulans, F. sporotrichioies	[77]
Weissella cibaria	Food grains, fruits, and vegetables	Organic acids, proteinaceous	Fusarium culmorum, Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Rhodotorula sp., Endomyces fibuliger	[10,18,93,94]
W. confuse	Food grains	Organic acids, proteinaceous	Penicillium sp., Aspergillus nidulans, Rhodotorula sp., Endomyces fibuliger	[10,70]
W. paramesenteroides	Fermented wax gourd	Organic acids	Penicillium sp., Fusarium graminearum, Rhizopus stolonifer, Sclerotium oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia minor	[17,93]