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. 2022 Jul 12;11(14):2175. doi: 10.3390/cells11142175

Table 1.

Successful clinical trials involving mesenchymal stem cells in serious/critical COVID-19 patients.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier Phase Intervention Clinical Outcomes Adverse Effects (AEs) Ref.
Unknown 1/2a UC-MSC treatment group received two intravenous infusions (at day 0 and 3) of 100 ± 20 × 106 UC-MSCs

  • Inflammatory cytokines were significantly decreased in UC-MSC-treated subjects at day 6. Treatment led to significantly improved patient survival (91% vs. 42%, P = 0.015)

 Not significant [109]
NCT04288102 2 UC-MSCs 3 does of UC-MSCs (4.0 × 107 cells per time) intravenously at Day 0, Day 3, Day 6.

  • Improvement in whole-lung lesion volume

  • 18% patients showed normal CT image at month 12 compared to none in control

  • Lower incidence of symptoms

 Not significant [110]
NCT02097641 2a Intravenous, single dose administration (over 60–80 min) of Allogeneic Bone Marrow-Derived Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (10 × 106/kg PBW (predicted body weigh)

  • Significant decrease in angiopoietin 2 in plasma

  • No significant change was detected in the level of IL-6, IL-8, RAGE, or protein C

 Not significant [112]
NCT05019287 1/2 Allogeneic human menstrual blood stem cells (MenSCs) secretome Intravenous injection of 5 mL menstrual blood stem cells secretome on day 1, day 2, day 3, day 4, and day 5

  • 64% of patients had substantial improvement in oxygen levels within 5 days

  • 57% survival rate in treatment group, whereas only 28% in the control group

  • Significant reduction in acute phase reactants, with mean C-reactive protein, ferritin, and D-dimer

  • Significant improvement in lymphopenia

 Not significant [114]
NCT04493242 2 Intravenous administration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles

  • Oxygenation improved

  • Significant improvement in absolute neutrophil count and lymphopenia

  • Acute phase reactants, such as C-reactive protein, ferritin, and D-dimer declined

 Not significant [115]
NCT05122234 3 Injection of secretome—mesenchymal stem cell (Single dose of 15 mL dissolved in 100 mL of normal saline, intravenously for 60 min.

  • The inflamatory markers, including IL-6, IL-10, LIF, VEGF, and Ferritin, are being assessed on day 0 (before intervention), and day 7 and day 14 (after intervention)

 Not reported NA