FIG 3.

Effort hypersensitivity in Huntington's disease. (A) Choice data from a cognitively effortful task performed by premanifest HD participants (n = 20), none of whom had behavioral impairments, demonstrating reduced acceptance of higher effort options as effort level increased compared with controls. (B) A similar pattern of reduced acceptance of rewarding offers at higher physical effort levels was seen in patients with early‐stage HD (n = 18), but only in those who were apathetic. MVC, maximal voluntary contraction. (A) Reprinted with permission from Atkins et al. ⁹² (B) From Le Heron et al, unpublished data. See Le Heron et al ⁹⁶ for paradigm description. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]