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Schematic overview of physiological/pathological sex differences in energy homeostasis regulation and how the adipose–hypothalamic axis contributes in the regulation. Upward or downward arrows indicate higher or lower levels, respectively, of the given phenomena compared to each sex’s counterpart. POMC, pro-opiomelanocortin; NPY, neuropeptide Y; AgRP, agouti-related protein; BAT, brown adipose tissue.
