Table 1.

Mitochondrial AKAPs and their known cardiovascular functions.

Gene	Protein	Effectors	PKA Binding	Mitochondrial Localization	Mitochondrial Effects	Cardiovascular Functions	References
Akap1	D-AKAP1	PP1(E1), Src(E2), PDE4(E3), Calcineurin (E4), AGO2(E5), NCX3(E6), DRP1(E7)	RI, RII	OMM	Apoptosis, mitochondrial fusion, mitochondrial respiration	Modulates infarct size after coronary artery ligation and post-ischemic cardiac remodelling, cardiac hypertrophy and pressure-overload-induced cardiac dysfunction, endothelial function and angiogenesis	[25,26,27]
Akap10	D-AKAP 2	Rab 4(E8), Rab11(E9)	RI, RII	OMM	Mitochondrial dynamics, ROS production and apoptosis	Modulates cardiovascular integrity barrier and controller of pacemaker cells’ sensitivity to cholinergic stimulation	[28,29,30]
Acbd3	PAP7		RI, RII	OMM	Cholesterol transport	Unknown	[31]
Opa1	OPA1	OMA1(E10), YME1L(E11)	RI, RII	IMM	Mitochondrial fusion and fission, stabilizing mitochondrial cristae, increasing mitochondrial respiratory efficiency	Modulates cardiac function and hypertrophy, metabolic shift of increased glucose uptake	[32,33]
Wasf	WAVE-1	BAD(E12), Pancortin2(E13), GK(E14), BCL-XL(E15)	RII	OMM	Mitochondrial trafficking	Unknown	[34,35,36,37]
Rab32	RAB32	DRP1(E7)	RII	MAM	Endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ handling, mitochondrial fusion, apoptosis	Unknown	[38,39,40,41]
Sphkap	SKIP	ChChdl3(E16), S1P(E17)	RI	OMM	Mitophagy	Modulates infarct size, apoptosis and cytochrome c release after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury	[42,43]

Abbreviations: PKA, protein kinase A; RI, regulatory subunit type I; RII, regulatory subunit type II; OMM, outer mitochondrial membrane; IMM, inner mitochondrial membrane; MAM, mitochondria-associated membrane.