Table 4.
Hierarchical regression analysis of perceived information distortion and critical literacy on addictive SMU (N = 411).
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
| β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | |
| Block 1: Demographic variables | ||||||
| Age | −0.19 * | (−0.33, −0.04) | −0.21 ** | (−0.35, −0.06) | −0.21 ** | (−0.35, −0.06) |
| Education | ||||||
| Below university | ref | ref | ref | |||
| University or above | 0.00 | (−0.12, 0.11) | −0.01 | (−0.12, 0.11) | −0.01 | (−0.12, 0.11) |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Single-divorced-cohabited | ref | ref | ref | |||
| Married | −0.04 | (−0.17, 0.08) | −0.04 | (−0.16, 0.09) | −0.04 | (−0.17, 0.09) |
| Monthly income | ||||||
| 10,000 or above | ref | ref | ref | |||
| Below 10,000 | 0.04 | (−0.06, 0.14) | 0.03 | (−0.07, 0.13) | 0.03 | (−0.07, 0.13) |
| Incremental R2 (%) | 5.30 *** | – | – | |||
| Block 2: Perceived information distortion and critical literacy | ||||||
| Perceived information distortion (IV) | – | 0.06 | (−0.03, 0.16) | 0.06 | (−0.04, 0.16) | |
| Critical literacy (M2) | – | 0.00 | (−0.10, 0.09) | −0.01 | (−0.10, 0.09) | |
| Incremental R2 (%) | – | 0.40 ** | – | |||
| Block 3: Interaction | ||||||
| IV × M2 | – | – | 0.10* | (0.00, 0.19) | ||
| Incremental R2 (%) | – | – | 0.90 *** | |||
| Total R2 (%) | 6.60 *** | |||||
* p < 0.05, ** p< 0.01, *** p < 0.001.