Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes who continued to receive medical care at the clinic for 5 years at baseline for both groups.
| Intervention Group (n =138) |
Control Group (n = 104) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male/Female (n) | 62/76 | 59/45 | 0.091 |
| Age (years) | 64.5 ± 11.0 | 66.4 ± 10.2 | 0.169 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 7.1 ± 8.2 | 7.8 ± 6.0 | 0.609 |
| Body weight (kg) | 61.3 ± 13.3 | 63.5 ± 12.5 | 0.184 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.0 ± 4.4 | 24.5 ± 3.2 | 0.553 |
| HbA1c (%) (mmol/mol) | 8.5 ± 1.7 (69) | 7.9 ± 1.2 (62) | 0.005 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 132 ± 18 | 133 ± 15 | 0.786 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 75 ± 11 | 73 ± 10 | 0.307 |
| Total-C (mg/dL) | 213 ± 35 | 205 ± 34 | 0.086 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 131 ± 30 | 123 ± 29 | 0.027 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 56 ± 15 | 56 ± 15 | 0.668 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 140 ± 83 | 141 ± 77 | 0.898 |
| Diet only | |||
| No insulin or OHA, n (%) | 48 (35) | 29 (28) | 0.361 |
| No antihypertensive agent, n (%) | 107 (78) | 80 (77) | 1.000 |
| No lipid-lowering agent, n (%) | 100 (72) | 62 (60) | 0.100 |
| Prescribed medicine | |||
| Insulin, n (%) | 14 (10) | 9 (9) | 1.000 |
| OHA, n (%) | 84 (61) | 71 (68) | 0.375 |
| Sulfonylurea, n (%) | 61 (44) | 62 (60) | 0.033 |
| Metformin, n (%) | 18 (13) | 31 (30) | 0.005 |
| α-GI inhibitor, n (%) | 37 (27) | 43 (41) | 0.052 |
| Glinide, n (%) | 3 (2) | 0 (0) | 0.497 |
| Thiazolidinedione, n (%) | 8 (6) | 7 (7) | 1.000 |
| Antihypertensive agent, n (%) | 31 (22) | 24 (23) | 1.000 |
| Lipid-lowering agent, n (%) | 38 (31) | 42 (42) | 0.142 |
Data are mean ± SD or n. BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; Total-C, total cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; OHA, oral hypoglycemic agents; α-GI inhibitor, alpha-glucosidase inhibitor.