Table 3.

This table lists some miRNAs, their experimentally validated targets, and their clinical significance in lung cancer. MiRNAs downregulating (↓) in lung carcinoma (tumor suppressor miRNAs) regulate oncogenes.

miRNAs Expression (Lung Carcinoma)	Effect on Lung Carcinoma	Type of miRNA	Experimentally Validated Targets	Clinical Significance	References
miR-146 ↓	Suppression	Tumor suppressor	COX-2, CCJN, FLAP, IRAK1, TRAF6	Discourages inflammation, associated with better overall survival, better response to chemotherapy (EGFR-TKI)	[45,46,47]
miR-206 ↓	Suppression	Tumor suppressor	c-MET, EGFR, Bcl2, VEGFA, VEGF	Discourages proliferation, tumour angiogenesis and promotes apoptosis	[216,217,218]
miR-34a ↓	Suppression	Tumor suppressor	p21 WAF1/CIP1, MDM2,	Adjunctive treatment of NSCLC patients with erlotinib along with miR-34a and Let7b sensitizes its action	[67,68]
miR-32-5p	Suppression	Tumor suppressor	SMAD family 3	Inhibits EMT and metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma	[219]
miR-377	Suppression	Tumor suppressor	ErbB	Reduces proliferation and induces apoptosis	[52]
miR-205-5p	Enhancement	Tumor enhancer	TP53INP1	Promotes proliferation and metastasis of lung cancer cells	[167]
miR-571	Suppression	Tumor suppressor	EGFR, MAPK1, PAK2	Inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in lung cancer cells	[220]
miR-486-5p ↓	Suppression	Tumor suppressor	ARHGAP5 (RhoA GTPase)	Inversely associated with lymph node metastasis	[171]
miR-200 ↓	Suppression	Tumor suppressor	ZEB1, ZEB2, VEGF, VEGFR1 PRDX2, GAPB/Nrf2, and SESN1	Suppresses angiogenesis, EMT and promotes radiosensitivity	[87,88,221]
Let-7 ↓	Suppression	Tumor suppressor	KRAS, c-MYC, CDK6, HOXA9, TGFBR1, BCL-XL, MAP4K3	Associated with poor postoperative survival, chemoresistance or radio-resistance	[21,97,98]
miR-199a-5p	Suppression	Tumor suppressor	AKAP1	Inhibits NSCLC proliferation and tumorigenecity	[222]
miR-582	Suppression	Tumor suppressor	Hippo-YAP/TAZ	Increases YAP/TAZ phosphorylation with a simultaneous reduction in cellular proliferation and promotion of apoptosis	[223]
miR-582-5p	Suppression	Tumor suppressor	NOTCH1	Suppresses tumor growth and invasion	[224]
miR-320a	Suppression	Tumor suppressor	AKT3	Lower levels correlated with poor prognosis and rate of survival	[225]
miR-584	Suppressor	Tumor suppressor	YKT6	Suppresses migration and invasion in NSCLC	[226]
miR-613	Suppressor	Tumor suppressor	GJA1	Inhibits lung cancer cell proliferation, migration, and formation of a colony	[227]