Table 1.

Variables and their operationalization.

Variable Type		Variable Name	Operationalization
Dependent variable	Anxiety type	State anxiety	1 = Not at all, 2 = Somewhat, 3 = Moderately, 4 = Very much
		Trait anxiety	1 = Almost never, 2 = Somewhat, 3 = Always, 4 = Almost always
Independent variable	Individual characteristics	Gender	Male = 0, Female = 1
		Age	20–25 years old = 1, 26–30 years old = 2, 31–35 years old = 3, 36–40 years old = 4, 41 years old and above = 5
		Marital status	Unmarried = 0, Married = 1
		Motherhood	No = 0, Yes = 1
		Grade	Grade 1 = 1, Grade 2 = 2, Grade 3 = 3, Grade 4 = 4, Grade 5 and above = 5
		Discipline category	Natural science = 1, Medical Science = 2, Humanities and Social Sciences = 3, Agricultural Science = 4, Engineering and technical science = 5
		Sports discipline	No = 0, Yes = 1
	Sports characteristics	Sports behavior	Weekly sports frequency (0 time = 0, 1–2 times = 1, 3–4 times = 2, 5–6 times = 3, 7 times and above = 4)
			Duration of sports each time (Within 10 min = 0, 11–20 min = 1, 21–30 min = 2, 31–40 min = 3, More than 41 min = 4)
		Sports motivation (No = 0, Yes = 1)	Strengthen body
			Relieve brain fatigue
			Regulate emotions
			Improve learning efficiency
		Influencing factors of sports (No = 0, Yes = 1)	Learning takes up a lot of daily time and lacks sports time.
			Learning leads to physical fatigue and reluctance to participate in sports.
			Learning and working lead to physical fatigue and reluctance to participate in sports.
			In a negative emotional state, not interested in anything.
			Lack of space and facilities.
			Lack of technical guidance.
			Not interested in sports.