Matrix;
p17
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Facilitates targeting of Gag–Pol and Gag to the plasma membrane Incorporation of Env into virions Associated with reverse transcription and the pre-integration complex during early stages of replication Binds tRNA (transfer RNA), rRNA (ribosomal RNA) and heterologous DNA Acts as a viral cytokine to promote a favourable network of virus- and host-derived stimulatory factors for optimal infection and replication
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Capsid;
p24
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Houses viral RNA and core-associated proteins Interaction with several cellular host factors and/or metabolites including cyclophilin A and inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) Interacts with cellular nucleoporins to allow import of the PIC The precursor PR55 Gag capsid domain and the mature p24 capsid display several functional roles in the viral replication cycle, including assembly, reverse transcription, integration and infectivity
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Nucleocapsid;
p7
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Packages viral RNA into rapidly assembling, immature viral particles Ability to renature nucleic acids Stimulates tRNALys binding to the primer binding site, initiates reverse transcription from the bound tRNALys and partakes in strand transfer Possesses nucleic binding and chaperone activity in the conversion of gRNA (genomic RNA) to viral dsDNA (double-stranded DNA)
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p6
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Flexible docking site for cellular host factors, specifically ALIX and TSG101 Contributes to RNA binding specificity of gRNA of Gag PR55 Incorporation of viral accessory protein, Vpr Primary phosphoprotein Substrate for virus-associated kinases such as Erk-2 and Elk tyrosine kinases Contributes to RNA binding specificity of PR55 Gag
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SP1
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SP2
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Plays a role in the incorporation of Pol and Gag in the immature virus particles Effect on the stability of nucleocapsid-RNA (NC–RNA) complexes and thus viral infectivity May have an effect on proviral integration when present as the p9 NC|SP2 peptide
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