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. 2022 Jul 19;11(14):2240. doi: 10.3390/cells11142240

Figure 7.

Figure 7

Mechanism of IDO1-mediated inhibition of HIV-1 infection. (A) In IDO1-expressing HeLa cells, tryptophan is digested, and cellular tryptophan level is decreased. As a result, autophagy is enhanced. HIV-1 vector infection is inhibited by activated autophagy. Entered HIV-1 particles may be degraded in autophagosomes. On the other hand, proteins and organelle are digested by autophagy, and tryptophan level is recovered. Thus, protein synthesis and cell growth are not suppressed. (B) In HeLa/IDO1/shAtg3 cells, IDO1 digests tryptophan, and cellular tryptophan level is reduced. However, autophagy is not enhanced by Atg3 silencing, and tryptophan level is not recovered. Thus, protein synthesis and cell growth are suppressed.