Table 6.

Patent forms of bee pollen in food applications.

Inventor	Country	Components/Form	Title/Patent Number/Patent Office	Features and Benefits	References
Jiang, Y.; Xie, Z.; Zhang, H.G.; et al.	China	By weight parts: 20–40 bee pollen, 30–35 Hordeum vulgare powder, 25–40 lactose, and 1–3 green tea extract/ND	Healthcare Chinese medicinal composition for increasing dietary fiber, facilitating feces excretion, and removing toxins/CN 105901693 A/CN	Increased dietary fiber, thus aids constipation relief and toxin expulsion.	[135]
Mi, Y.	China	Weight of parts: 1–5 bee pollen, 10–15 fruit, 12–18 bioflavonoid, 5–10 soybean functional polysaccharide, 2–6 medlar, 12–15 red bean, 8–12 hawthorn, 4–8 carotene, 15–20 nisin, 8–15 Cordyceps sinensis powder, 20–25 red-silk thread, and 10–15 essence/ND	Antibacterial food additive and its preparation process/CN 113424959 A/CN	Antiseptic ability, good mouthfeel and taste as food additive.	[136]
Yin, Y.; Zhang, Y.	China	Raw materials in parts by mass: 12–22 bee pollen, 20–40 Sargassum horneri sodium alginate, 20–30 defatted soybean protein, 15–40 dextrin, 18–25 pickled red pepper, 18–20 grape seed extract, 15–18 Huanggongfjiao, 8–55 malt or wheat germ, 6–10 Radix puerariae powder, and 5–8 Salvia miltiorrhiza/ND	A type of environmentally friendly food additive and production method/CN 111955728 A/CN	Food additives, good quality of the product.	[137]
Taihe, B.; Jizhou, C. S.	China	wt. parts: 92–95 Lini pollen, 5–8 Lini anthophorids/ND	Production method of α-linolenic acid food additive/CN 104643099 A/CN	Alpha-linolenic acid food additive with low cost.	[138]
Liu, G.; Bai, W.; Li, N.; et al.	China	Fructus jujubae and camellia bee pollen/ND	Camellia bee pollen mixed jujube functional food and preparation method thereof/CN 105054037 A/CN	Health promotion and nutritive value.	[139]
Fregonese, A.	France	By weight parts: 25–50 bee pollen, 50 clay, 10–25 hypromellose, 0.1–1 titanium dioxide, and copper and chlorophyllin complex/capsule	Compositions based on clay and bee pollen, method for preparing same, and nutritional and therapeutic uses thereof/WO 2012080333 A1/FR	Food supplement.	[140]
Beu, A. I.	Romania	5–70% beeswax, 5–95% pollen, and at least one of the following: 0.1–40% propolis tincture, 10–40% honey, 0.1–20% apilarnil, up to 95% maiden wax, 0.1–10% royal jelly, up to 20% bee venom, 15% flavoring, 30% sweetener, 60% dry fruit, 80% medicinal plant powder, and 80% seeds/tablets, pills, bon-bons, dragees, drops	Method for preparing bee product-based food supplements and confectionery products/RO 126992 B1/RO	Food supplements and confectionery Products.	[134]
Chakhunashvili, K. G.; Chakhunashvili, D. K.; et al.	United States	wt. by percent: 33–40% bee pollen, 20–33% water, and 33–40% alcohol such as ethanol/powder	Bioactive food/US 20150093494 A1/US	Food additive for bread and other bakery products. It has nutritional value due to its content of amino acids, vitamins, and minerals.	[141]
Gao, Z.	China	Parts by weight: 2–4 bee pollen, 6–11 lotus leaves, 3–6 Codonopsis pilosula, 8–12 purslane parts, 9–11 ethyl laurate, 1.2–2 amyl butyrate, 3–5 licorice extract, 7–9 Lycium chinense, 3–8 emulsifier, 6–10 Chinese yam, 7–8 Chinese wolfberry fruit, 8–10 bioflavonoids, 0.2–4 Stigmata maydis, and 7–9 Chinese wolfberry fruit/ND	A food additive/CN 104970367 A/CN	Food additive, good taste and nutritional value.	[142]
Wei, X.	China	1–5 bee pollen, 10–15 salvia, 12–18 bioflavonoids, 5–10 functional soybean polysaccharides, and 2–6 wolfberry/ND	Natural food additive/CN 104431687 A/CN	Food additive for fried food, stewing food, pastries, canned food, beverage-making process. It can enhance the body’s immunity, lower blood lipids, blood sugar, and combat cancer.	[143]
Cheng, N.; Gao, H.; Cao, W.	China	Bee pollen and plain flour/ND	Method for manufacturing biscuits containing bee pollen/CN 102763701 A/CN	Used for preparing biscuits with high nutritive value, rich in flavonoid substances, improves immunity and cancer resistance.	[144]
Yuan, K.; Lin, X.; Xu, D.; et al.	China	wt. by percent: 9–20% bee pollen, 20–50% okra extract, 20–40% orange peel extract, 9–20% tea polyphenol, 9–20% spiral seaweed, and 0.0003–0.0005% selenious yeast/ND	Natural food additive containing Abelmoschus esculentus extract and wenchow orange peel extract/CN 102160646 A/CN	Food additive, good antioxidant and sterilization effects, high nutritive and healthcare value, convenient use, and easy storage and transport.	[145]
Celso de Amorim, C.; da Silva, R.; Girliane; Tania Maria; S.-S.; et al.	Portugal	Coconut monofloral bee pollen and coconut oil constituent/soft gelatinous capsules	Preparation process and formulation of soft gelatinous capsule containing coconut monofloral bee pollen and coconut oil for use as functional food/BR 102015,031440 A2/BR	Innovative formulation of a natural product of excellent quality and acceptance for dietary supplementation.	[146]

ND: Not detected.