AAR	amino acid response
A–P	anterior–posterior
Atf4	stress-activated transcription factor
BMP	bone morphogenetic protein
Cyr61	cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61
DEGs	differentially expressed genes
DMRs	differentially methylated regions
EBs	embryoid bodies
ECM	extracellular matrix
EGF	epidermal growth factor
eGFP	enhanced green fluorescent protein
EpiSCs	epiblast-like cells
EPL	primitive ectoderm-like cells
ER	endoplasmic reticulum
ESC	embryonic stem cell
esMT	embryonic stem cell-to-mesenchymal-like transition
F/A	fibroblast growth factor plus Activin A
GFAP	glial fibrillary acidic protein
GSH	reduced glutathione
ICM	inner cell mass
Lif	leukemia inhibitory factor
α-MHC	myosin heavy chain
5mC	5-methylcytosine, 5hmC, 5-hydroxy-methylcytosine
MesT	mesenchymal-to-embryonic stem transition
PGCLCs	primordial germ cell-like cells
PRS	prolyl-tRNA synthetase
PSC	pluripotent stem cell
RISC	RNA-induced silencing complex
SDF-1	stromal cell-derived factor-1