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. 2022 Jun 28;12(7):972. doi: 10.3390/life12070972

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effects of HFD feeding on serum leptin, leptin receptor, and intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis. (A) Serum leptin concentration. (B) Colonic leptin receptor mRNA expression. Colonic expression of p-AKT/AKT (C), p-MAPK/MAPK (D), and Bax (E). (F) Representative images of Ki-67 and TUNEL assay in the colon (magnification ×200) (top) and proliferative index and apoptotic index (bottom). Values are presented as mean ± SEM. Means with different superscripts are significantly different according to one-way ANOVA, followed by Duncan’s multiple-range test (means with different superscripts are significantly different at p < 0.0001 for (E,F); p < 0.001 for (A); p < 0.01 for (D); and p < 0.05 for (B,C)). n = 7/group except for ND+DSS (n = 4) in (A–E); n = 3 for (F). ND, normal diet; HFD, high-fat diet; ND+DSS, normal diet + dextran sulfate sodium; HFD+DSS, high-fat diet + DSS; SEM, standard error of mean; ANOVA, analysis of variance.