Table 1.
Incidence, deaths, and DALYs of early-onset colorectal cancer between 1990 and 2019.
| Population | Incidence | Deaths | DALYs | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2019 | 2019 vs. 1990 | 1990 | 2019 | 2019 vs. 1990 | 1990 | 2019 | 2019 vs. 1990 | |||||||
| Number | Rate | Number | Rate | Rate Change | Number | Rate | Number | Rate | Rate Change | Number | Rate | Number | Rate | Rate Change | |
| 95% UI | per 100,000 | 95% UI | per 100,000 | 95% UI | 95% UI | per 100,000 | 95% UI | per 100,000 | 95% UI | 95% UI | per 100,000 | 95% UI | per 100,000 | 95% UI | |
| Global | 94,707 | 3.5 | 22,5736 | 5.7 | 64.3 | 50,437 | 1.9 | 86,546 | 2.2 | 18.3 | 2,516,721 | 92.8 | 4,259,922 | 108.3 | 16.7 |
| 90,421–99,416 | 3.3–3.7 | 207,658–246,756 | 5.3–6.3 | 49.1 to 81.0 | 47,475–53,368 | 1.8–2.0 | 80,162–93,431 | 2.0–2.4 | 7.0 to 29.3 | 2,368,906–2,663,625 | 87.3–98.2 | 3,942,850–4,590,979 | 100.2–116.7 | 5.8 to 27.4 | |
| Gender | |||||||||||||||
| Male | 50,671 | 3.7 | 137,138 | 6.9 | 86.9 | 26,990 | 2.0 | 51,000 | 2.6 | 30.5 | 134,8146 | 98.1 | 2,515,161 | 126.4 | 28.9 |
| 47,855–54,342 | 3.5–4.0 | 122,715–154,229 | 6.2–7.8 | 62.8 to 114.1 | 25,038–29,445 | 1.8–2.1 | 45,983–56,179 | 2.3–2.8 | 12.1 to 48.9 | 1,251,294–1,472,000 | 91.1–107.1 | 2,270,969–2,755,869 | 114.1–138.5 | 10.7 to 46.6 | |
| Female | 44,036 | 3.3 | 88,598 | 4.6 | 38.4 | 23,447 | 1.8 | 35,546 | 1.8 | 4.3 | 1,168,575 | 87.3 | 1,744,761 | 89.7 | 2.7 |
| 41,091–47,269 | 3.1–3.5 | 79,974–97,560 | 4.1–5.0 | 22.5 to 55.6 | 21,543–25,631 | 1.6–1.9 | 32,351–38,886 | 1.7–2.0 | −7.7 to 16.5 | 1,074,665–1,277,269 | 80.3–95.5 | 1,587,818–1,910,865 | 81.6–98.2 | −9.0 to 14.7 | |
| SDI regions | |||||||||||||||
| High SDI | 32,179 | 7.5 | 47,490 | 10.1 | 35.1 | 11,544 | 2.7 | 12,020 | 2.6 | −4.7 | 562,074 | 130.7 | 589,507 | 125.4 | −4.0 |
| 31,645–32,734 | 7.4–7.6 | 43,602–51,743 | 9.3–11.0 | 23.8 to 47.8 | 11,366–11,718 | 2.6–2.7 | 11,560–12,509 | 2.5–2.7 | −8.7 to −0.4 | 552,309–572,092 | 128.4–133.0 | 565,599–615,065 | 120.4–130.9 | −8.0 to 0.3 | |
| High-middle SDI | 27,713 | 4.6 | 69,369 | 9.5 | 108.0 | 14,898 | 2.5 | 22,183 | 3.0 | 23.7 | 74,2329 | 122.6 | 1,094,438 | 150.2 | 22.5 |
| 26,289–29,503 | 4.3–4.9 | 62,168–77,408 | 8.5–10.6 | 83.7 to 135.6 | 14,014–15,826 | 2.3–2.6 | 20,249–24,369 | 2.8–3.3 | 10.4 to 37.4 | 696,956–790,755 | 115.1–130.6 | 1,003,070–1,198,241 | 137.7–164.5 | 9.7 to 36 | |
| Middle SDI | 23,378 | 2.6 | 68,967 | 5.5 | 111.2 | 15,311 | 1.7 | 31,223 | 2.5 | 46.0 | 779,805 | 86.4 | 153,8506 | 122.0 | 41.2 |
| 21,458–25,471 | 2.4–2.8 | 61,737–76,542 | 4.9–6.1 | 83.3 to 141.1 | 13,878–16,640 | 1.5–1.8 | 28,191–34,399 | 2.2–2.7 | 27.0 to 67.4 | 707,052–846,544 | 78.4–93.8 | 1,390,711–1,693,029 | 110.3–134.3 | 23.5 to 61.3 | |
| Low-middle SDI | 8615 | 1.6 | 24,752 | 2.7 | 66.4 | 6433 | 1.2 | 15,376 | 1.6 | 38.4 | 321,443 | 59.5 | 754,341 | 80.8 | 35.9 |
| 7710–9670 | 1.4–1.8 | 22,289–27,556 | 2.4–3.0 | 41.0 to 92.6 | 5715–7231 | 1.1–1.3 | 13,666–17,137 | 1.5–1.8 | 16.1 to 60.7 | 285,755–361,100 | 52.9–66.8 | 672,864–840,215 | 72.1–90.0 | 14.5 to 57.3 | |
| Low SDI | 2777 | 1.2 | 7301 | 1.4 | 13.1 | 2226 | 1.0 | 5693 | 1.1 | 10.1 | 109,830 | 47.2 | 280,703 | 51.9 | 10.0 |
| 2284–3327 | 1.0–1.4 | 6291–8411 | 1.2–1.6 | −11.5 to 43.9 | 1836–2671 | 0.8–1.1 | 4933–6583 | 0.9–1.2 | −13.4 to 40.2 | 90,789–131,973 | 39.0–56.8 | 242,946–324,266 | 45.0–60.0 | −13.5 to 40.4 | |
| GBD regions | |||||||||||||||
| Andean Latin America | 351 | 1.9 | 1507 | 4.6 | 141.3 | 203 | 1.1 | 526 | 1.6 | 45.4 | 10,367 | 55.7 | 26,696 | 80.6 | 44.8 |
| 311–399 | 1.7–2.1 | 1160–1951 | 3.5–5.9 | 82.2 to 219.3 | 181–230 | 1.0–1.2 | 411–669 | 1.2–2.0 | 10.4 to 90.4 | 9230–11,732 | 49.6–63.0 | 20,869–34,030 | 63.0–102.7 | 10.5 to 89.7 | |
| Australasia | 941 | 8.7 | 1520 | 11.2 | 28.9 | 321 | 3.0 | 337 | 2.5 | −16.1 | 15,513 | 143.7 | 16,772 | 124.0 | −13.7 |
| 892–993 | 8.3–9.2 | 1194–1933 | 8.8–14.3 | 0.9 to 63.0 | 307–335 | 2.8–3.1 | 308–370 | 2.3–2.7 | −23.9 to −6.8 | 14,835–16,199 | 137.5–150.1 | 15,269–18,374 | 112.9–135.9 | −22.1 to −4.4 | |
| Caribbean | 575 | 3.2 | 1222 | 5.1 | 62.0 | 314 | 1.7 | 562 | 2.3 | 36.4 | 15,629 | 85.7 | 27,483 | 114.9 | 34.1 |
| 540–611 | 3.0–3.4 | 1006–1474 | 4.2–6.2 | 32.8 to 94.5 | 292–339 | 1.6–1.9 | 461–681 | 1.9–2.8 | 11.9 to 63.5 | 14,571–16,805 | 79.9–92.1 | 22,550–33,298 | 94.3–139.3 | 9.9 to 60.7 | |
| Central Asia | 1297 | 3.9 | 1831 | 3.7 | −3.6 | 806 | 2.4 | 983 | 2.0 | −16.6 | 41,844 | 125.4 | 49,357 | 101.1 | −19.4 |
| 1243–1359 | 3.7–4.1 | 1637–2062 | 3.4–4.2 | −14.1 to 8.9 | 773–844 | 2.3–2.5 | 878–1114 | 1.8–2.3 | −25.6 to −5.7 | 40,214–43,859 | 120.5–131.5 | 44,065–55,814 | 90.2–114.3 | −28.0 to −8.9 | |
| Central Europe | 3847 | 6.3 | 4850 | 9.2 | 45.9 | 2113 | 3.5 | 1861 | 3.5 | 2.0 | 101,778 | 166.8 | 88,617 | 168.1 | 0.8 |
| 3737–3969 | 6.1–6.5 | 4151–5579 | 7.9–10.6 | 25.8 to 67.3 | 2057–2174 | 3.4–3.6 | 1598–2134 | 3.0–4.0 | −12.2 to 17.4 | 99,088–104,830 | 162.4–171.8 | 76,070–101,521 | 144.3–192.6 | −13.0 to 15.6 | |
| Central Latin America | 1452 | 1.8 | 5782 | 4.4 | 146.5 | 876 | 1.1 | 2564 | 1.9 | 81.3 | 44,894 | 55.1 | 128,095 | 97.3 | 76.7 |
| 1413–1490 | 1.7–1.8 | 4916–6815 | 3.7–5.2 | 108.8 to 190.3 | 853–898 | 1.0–1.1 | 2171–3009 | 1.6–2.3 | 54.1 to 114.0 | 43,690–46,041 | 53.6–56.5 | 108,759–150,831 | 82.6–114.5 | 50.2 to 108.2 | |
| Central sub-Saharan Africa | 291 | 1.2 | 798 | 1.3 | 7.5 | 232 | 1.0 | 604 | 1.0 | 2.3 | 11,541 | 47.3 | 29,811 | 48.0 | 1.4 |
| 215–387 | 0.9–1.6 | 566–1082 | 0.9–1.7 | −3.1 to 5.6 | 177–305 | 0.7–1.3 | 428–821 | 0.7–1.3 | −34.6 to 49.1 | 8753–15,110 | 35.9–61.9 | 21,129–40,444 | 34.0–65.1 | −34.9 to 46.6 | |
| East Asia | 25,348 | 3.7 | 90,911 | 12.2 | 231.8 | 15,532 | 2.2 | 27,447 | 3.7 | 63.5 | 795,135 | 115.2 | 1,362,350 | 182.5 | 58.5 |
| 22,185–28,938 | 3.2–4.2 | 76,318–106,894 | 10.2–14.3 | 16.4 to 31.3 | 13,405–17,867 | 1.9–2.6 | 23,104–32,223 | 3.1–4.3 | 30.6 to 102.8 | 685,952–910,860 | 99.4–131.9 | 1,156,497–1,580,832 | 155.0–211.8 | 27.9 to 95.4 | |
| Eastern Europe | 6811 | 6.2 | 9239 | 9.4 | 52.6 | 3515 | 3.2 | 3459 | 3.5 | 10.7 | 171,933 | 155.8 | 168,129 | 171.5 | 10.0 |
| 6348–7172 | 5.8–6.5 | 8187–10,480 | 8.3–10.7 | 35.5 to 72.9 | 3276–3698 | 3.0–3.4 | 3063–3898 | 3.1–4.0 | −1.6 to 24.5 | 160,508–180,593 | 145.5–163.7 | 149,699–189,150 | 152.7–192.9 | −1.9 to 23.6 | |
| Eastern sub-Saharan Africa | 1067 | 1.3 | 3089 | 1.6 | 20.8 | 850 | 1.0 | 2298 | 1.2 | 12.8 | 42,134 | 50.8 | 113,630 | 57.1 | 12.5 |
| 858–1311 | 1.0–1.6 | 2526–3770 | 1.3–1.9 | −9.6 to 66.7 | 678–1043 | 0.8–1.3 | 1885–2808 | 0.9–1.4 | −15.7 to 58.8 | 33,615–51,821 | 40.5–62.4 | 92,977–138,693 | 46.7–69.7 | −16.1 to 58.8 | |
| High-income Asia Pacific | 7953 | 8.6 | 9294 | 11.5 | 33.8 | 2837 | 3.1 | 2056 | 2.5 | −17.0 | 137,712 | 148.3 | 100,488 | 123.8 | −16.5 |
| 7714–8186 | 8.3–8.8 | 8007–10,617 | 9.9–13.1 | 15.5 to 53.2 | 2779–2892 | 3.0–3.1 | 1941–2160 | 2.4–2.7 | −21.3 to −12.5 | 134,351–140,739 | 144.6–151.5 | 94,554–105,865 | 116.5–130.5 | −20.9 to −12.1 | |
| High-income North America | 11,665 | 7.8 | 18,499 | 11.1 | 41.4 | 3604 | 2.4 | 4545 | 2.7 | 12.4 | 177,662 | 119.5 | 223,318 | 133.9 | 12.0 |
| 11,348–11,962 | 7.6–8 | 15,902–21,547 | 9.5–12.9 | 21.3 to 65.6 | 3517–3688 | 2.4–2.5 | 4399–4709 | 2.6–2.8 | 7.5 to 18.5 | 172,981–182,260 | 116.4–122.6 | 214,946–232,481 | 128.9–139.4 | 7.3 to 18.2 | |
| North Africa and Middle East | 3126 | 1.9 | 11,101 | 3.3 | 72.9 | 2180 | 1.3 | 5485 | 1.6 | 22.5 | 108,846 | 67.0 | 270,165 | 81.0 | 20.8 |
| 2608–3801 | 1.6–2.3 | 9616–12,783 | 2.9–3.8 | 34.1 to 116.9 | 1816–2650 | 1.1–1.6 | 4716–6362 | 1.4–1.9 | −5.5 to 54.2 | 90,784–132,718 | 55.9–81.7 | 232,244–312,325 | 69.6–93.6 | −6.9 to 51.9 | |
| Oceania | 61 | 1.9 | 165 | 2.4 | 25.7 | 43 | 1.4 | 112 | 1.6 | 21.6 | 2174 | 68.7 | 5624 | 82.7 | 20.4 |
| 49–76 | 1.5–2.4 | 126–215 | 1.9–3.2 | −2.7 to 68.9 | 34–54 | 1.1–1.7 | 85–147 | 1.2–2.2 | −6.3 to 64.3 | 1715–2728 | 54.2–86.2 | 4292–7320 | 63.1–107.6 | −6.7 to 61.4 | |
| South Asia | 6136 | 1.2 | 18,253 | 1.9 | 61.6 | 4824 | 0.9 | 12,421 | 1.3 | 39.9 | 237,610 | 44.9 | 606,012 | 62.2 | 38.6 |
| 5397–6949 | 1.0–1.3 | 15,671–21,008 | 1.6–2.2 | 29.2 to 94.8 | 4265–5455 | 0.8–1.0 | 10,758–14,391 | 1.1–1.5 | 12.1 to 68.9 | 209,984–268,190 | 39.7–50.7 | 523,107–698,658 | 53.7–71.7 | 11.5 to 66.9 | |
| Southeast Asia | 6101 | 2.6 | 18,976 | 5.2 | 103.1 | 4241 | 1.8 | 10,550 | 2.9 | 62.4 | 214,313 | 90.7 | 517,741 | 143.0 | 57.7 |
| 5195–6824 | 2.2–2.9 | 15,675–22,334 | 4.3–6.2 | 66.5 to 142.2 | 3617–4793 | 1.5–2.0 | 8800–12,385 | 2.4–3.4 | 34.9 to 90.8 | 181,999–242,558 | 77.0–102.6 | 433,010–606,340 | 119.6–167.5 | 31.1 to 85.3 | |
| Southern Latin America | 950 | 3.9 | 2233 | 6.6 | 69.2 | 584 | 2.4 | 1022 | 3.0 | 25.8 | 28,375 | 115.8 | 50,050 | 147.0 | 26.9 |
| 903–999 | 3.7–4.1 | 1694–2913 | 5.0–8.6 | 27.5 to 121.5 | 558–613 | 2.3–2.5 | 936–1116 | 2.8–3.3 | 13.7 to 38.9 | 27,108–29,756 | 110.7–121.5 | 45,995–54,610 | 135.1–160.4 | 15.3 to 39.7 | |
| Southern sub-Saharan Africa | 566 | 2.2 | 1111 | 2.6 | 21.1 | 406 | 1.6 | 738 | 1.7 | 12.1 | 20,452 | 78.4 | 36,624 | 86.6 | 10.4 |
| 508–631 | 1.9–2.4 | 955–1277 | 2.3–3.0 | −1.2 to 45.3 | 366–452 | 1.4–1.7 | 635–852 | 1.5–2.0 | −9.2 to 35.3 | 18,430–22,833 | 70.6–87.5 | 31,528–42,278 | 99.9–74.5 | −10.2 to 33.7 | |
| Tropical Latin America | 1917 | 2.4 | 5755 | 4.8 | 97.8 | 1239 | 1.6 | 2857 | 2.4 | 51.9 | 62,339 | 79.4 | 139,457 | 117.0 | 47.4 |
| 1856–1983 | 2.4–2.5 | 5415–6061 | 4.5–5.1 | 84.5 to 110.6 | 1201–1283 | 1.5–1.6 | 2698–3003 | 2.3–2.5 | 42.1 to 61.5 | 60,473–64,504 | 77.0–82.1 | 131,965–146,425 | 110.7–122.8 | 38.4 to 56.3 | |
| Western Europe | 13,442 | 6.9 | 17,021 | 8.9 | 28.4 | 5082 | 2.6 | 4247 | 2.2 | −15.2 | 245,078 | 126.7 | 206,454 | 108.3 | −14.6 |
| 13,129–13,761 | 6.8–7.1 | 14,619–19,670 | 7.7–10.3 | 10.3 to 49.2 | 4992–5173 | 2.6–2.7 | 4053–4426 | 2.1–2.3 | −19.0 to −11.8 | 240,230–250,088 | 124.2–129.3 | 196,144–215,816 | 102.9–113.2 | −18.5 to −10.8 | |
| Western sub-Saharan Africa | 811 | 1.0 | 2577 | 1.2 | 25.9 | 635 | 0.7 | 1872 | 0.9 | 16.8 | 31,392 | 36.9 | 93,047 | 43.3 | 17.4 |
| 642–1009 | 0.8–1.2 | 2060–3112 | 1.0–1.4 | −3.7 to 63.7 | 500–791 | 0.6–0.9 | 1494–2316 | 0.7–1.1 | −10.4 to 51.8 | 24,824–39,038 | 29.1–45.8 | 74,217–114,855 | 34.5–53.4 | −9.8 to 52.8 | |
CI: confidence interval; DALYs: disability-adjusted life-years; GBD: global burden of disease; SDI: sociodemographic index; UI: uncertainty interval.