Table 3.
Quality of bias assessment of the included publication in accordance with the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.
| Study | Selection | Comparability | Exposure | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case Definition | Representativeness of the Cases | Selection of Controls | Definition of Controls | Comparability of Cases and Controls | Ascertainment of Exposure | Same Method of Ascertainment | Non-Response Rate | |
| Bakker et al., 2013 [37] | * | - | - | - | * | * | - | - |
| Blum et al., 2013 [38] | - | - | - | - | - | * | - | - |
| Borzì et al., 2020 [17] | - | - | - | * | - | * | - | - |
| Brethauer et al., 2011 [32] | - | - | - | - | - | * | - | - |
| Machado et al., 2018 [43] | * | - | - | * | * | * | * | - |
| Domienik-Karłowicz et al., 2015 [41] | - | - | - | - | * | * | - | - |
| Elitok et al., 2020 [47] | - | - | - | - | - | * | - | - |
| Flores et al., 2014 [39] | - | - | - | - | - | * | - | - |
| Gluszewska et al., 2019 [45] | - | - | - | - | - | * | - | - |
| Habib et al., 2009 [28] | - | * | - | - | - | * | - | - |
| Lind et al., 2009 [29] | - | - | - | * | * | * | - | - |
| Melchor-López et al., 2021 [48] | - | - | - | - | * | * | * | - |
| Nerla et al., 2012 [34] | - | * | - | - | ** | * | * | - |
| Peitsmeyer et al., 2012 [33] | - | * | - | - | - | * | - | - |
| Ricci et al., 2018 [44] | - | - | - | - | - | * | - | - |
| Saleh et al., 2012 [36] | - | - | - | - | - | * | - | - |
| Solini et al., 2019 [46] | - | * | - | - | - | * | - | - |
| Sturm et al., 2009 [30] | - | - | - | - | - | * | - | - |
| Tarzia et al., 2017 [35] | - | - | - | - | - | * | - | - |
| Tromba et al., 2017 [42] | - | - | - | - | - | * | - | - |
| Tschoner et al., 2013 [31] | - | * | - | - | - | * | - | - |
| Williams et al., 2005 [49] | - | - | - | - | - | * | - | - |
| Zhang et al., 2014 [40] | - | - | - | - | - | * | - | - |