Figure 1.

Structure of surfactants and droplet optimization experiments. (a) Structure of F-TAC surfactants. (b,c) Dh of droplets (Z-average), error bars mean peak distribution widths as given by σ = $\sqrt{Z }$* PDI) as a function of (b) F₆TAC₆ concentration at 20%, 40%, 60% US amplitude (continuous mode, 1 min). (c) Insonification time, US amplitude and mode (CM: continuous mode; PM: pulsed mode), emulsion made with F₆TAC₆ at 250 mg mL⁻¹ of dispersed phase. (d) Dh of droplets (Z-average) as a function of surfactant type and concentration in mg per mL of dispersed phase (at 60% US amplitude i.e., 450 W, PM, 2 min). (e) TEM images of concentrated emulsion after rehydration (mean diameter 83 ± 18 nm). (f) DLS spectrum of sample. (e) (Contin analysis).