Table 1.
The main characteristics of the different mechanisms of action used by different COVID-19 vaccines.
| Type of Vaccine | Mechanism of Action | Vaccine Name | Producer | Dose | Storage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mRNA | Protein S extension with proline substitutions | BNT162b2 | Pfizer/BioNtech | 30 µg 2 doses, interval 21 days |
−25 °C to −15 ° C; 2–8 °C for 30 days. Ambient temperature ≤ 12 h |
| Viral vector | Replication-deficient Chimp adenovirus viral vector and SARS-CoV-2 protein S | ChAdOx1 (AZS1222) | AstraZeneca/Oxford | 5 × 1010 viral particles 2 doses 28-day interval |
2–8 °C for 6 months |
| Viral vector | Human adenovirus serotype 26 viral vector with incompetent recombinant replication and stabilized SARS-CoV-2 protein S | Ad26.COV 2.S | Janssen/Johnson & Johnson | 5 × 1010 viral particles 1 dose |
−20 °C; 2–8 °C for 3 months |
| mRNA | Spike S protein extension with proline substitutions | mRNA-1273 | Modern | 100 µg 2 doses 28-day intervals |
−25 °C to −15 °C; 2–8 °C for 30 days; ambient temperature ≤ 12 h |
| Inactivated virus | SARS-CoV-2 Inactivated HB02 Chain Created from Vero Cells | BBIBP-CorV | Sinopharm ½ | 4 µg with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant 2 doses 21-day interval |
2–8 °C duration unknown |
| Inactivated virus | SARS-CoV-2 Inactivated CN02 Chain Created from Vero Cells | CoronaVac | Sinovac Biotech | 3 µg with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant 2 doses 14-day interval |
2–8 °C duration unknown |
| Viral vector | SARS-Cov-2 glycoprotein S full-length loaded adenovirus vector | Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V) | Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology | 1011 viral particles per dose for each recombinant adenovirus 2 doses 1st rAd26 2nd rAd5 21-day interval |
−18 ° C liquid; 2–8 °C frozen dry 6 months |
| Inactivated virus | SARS-CoV-2 Inactivated NIV-2020-770 Chain Created from Vero Cells | BBV152 (Covaxin) | Bharat Biotech/Indian Council of Medical Research | 6 µg of whole-virion inactivated SARS-CoV-2 antigen (Strain: NIV-2020-770) 0.5 mL 2 doses 28-day interval |
2–8 °C for 6 months |
| Protein subunit | Encodes the SARS-CoV-2 RBD antigen (residues 319–537, accession number YP_009724390), with two copies in tandem repeat dimeric form | ZF2001 (Zifivax) | Anhui Zhifei Longcom/Institute of Microbiology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences | 25 µg 3 doses (0.1 and 4–6 months) | 2–8 °C duration unknown |
| Viral vector | Recombinant human Adenovirus type 5 viral particlesthat is incapable of replication and which expresses the protein S (spike) of SARS-CoV-2 | AD5-nCOV (Convidecia) | CanSino Biologics | 4 × 1010 recombinant human Adenovirus type 5 viral particles 0.5 mL 1 dose |
2–8 °C |
| Protein subunit | Monomeric receptor binding domain subunit, residues 331–530 of the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 strain 156 Wuhan-Hu-1 | CIGB-66 (ABDALA) | Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology | 0.5 mL 3 doses 14-day interval | 2–8 °C for 6 months |
| Conjugate | SARS-CoV-2 virus receptor binding domain (RBD) recombinant protein monomeric) conjugated to tetanus toxoid |
FINLAY-FR-2 (Soberana 02) | Finlay Institute | 0.5 mL Two doses 28-day interval. A third (booster) dose of Soberana Plus may also be given on day 56 | 2–8 °C for 6 months |