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. 2022 Jul 15;14(7):1479. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071479

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The complexation of two polyelectrolytes of opposing charges under low–(a) and high–(b) ionic–strength conditions. The effect of both low and high ionic strength on colloidal stability is also represented by the energy vs. interparticulate distance graph drawn per DLVO theory (Red (+)—cations within the electrical double layer (EDL) of HA that are strongly attracted to the anionic carboxylate groups. Yellow (−)—anions within the EDL of the cationic polyelectrolyte that are strongly attracted to the cationic groups. Grey (+/−)—counterions within and outside the EDL of the polyelectrolytes that are more weakly attracted to the surface charges).