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. 2022 Jun 23;12(7):581. doi: 10.3390/metabo12070581

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Schematic representation of metabolic reprogramming induced by ATC and LDC, at IC50 concentrations, in SH-SY5Y cells. Metabolite fluxes between extra- and intracellular compartments are indicated by dashed arrows. Intracellular variations are color-coded as in the heatmap in Figure 5. Three-letter codes used for amino acids; BCCA, branched chain amino acids (val, leu, ile); BCKA, branched chained keto acids (α-ketoisocaproate, α-ketoisovalerate, α-ketomethylvalerate); ETC, electron transport chain; GPC, glycerophosphocholine; HCys, homocysteine; HIB, β-hydroxyisobutyrate (HIB); HIV, α-hydroxyisovalerate; α-KG, α-ketoglutarate; NAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; PC, phosphocholine; PtC, phosphatidylcholine; P5C, pyrroline-5-carboxylate; UDP-GlcNAc, uridine diphosphate N-acetyl glucosamine.