(A) Schematic representation of BP@PEG/Ce6 NSs preparation and its application as fluorescence and thermal imaging guided photothermal and photodynamic cancer therapy; (B) fluorescence images of HeLa cells cultured with BP@PEG/Ce6 NSs; (C) intracellular ROS generation of HeLa cells treated with BP@PEG/Ce6 NSs and irradiated with 660 nm laser. Relative viabilities of HeLa cells after being treated with BP@PEG NSs, Ce6, and BP@PEG/Ce6 NSs at different concentrations of BP@PEG NSs (1, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, and 50 ppm) or Ce6 (0.13, 0.325, 0.65, 1.3, 3.25, and 6.5 ppm); (D) without and (E) with irradiation (660 nm, 0.65 W·cm−2, 10 min); (F) fluorescence images of HeLa cells co-stained with Calcein AM (live cells, green) and PI (dead cells, red) upon the addition of BP@PEG NSs, Ce6, and BP@PEG/Ce6 NSs without and with irradiation (660 nm, 0.65 W·cm−2, 10 min). Reproduced with permission from ref. [97]. Copyright (2018). American Chemical Society.