Table 4.
Characteristics of patients with chest tube placement after initial computed tomography.
| Chest Tube after CT | Chest Tube after and Not before CT | Chest Tube after and before CT | Chest Tube EMS, ED, and after CT | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 142 | 82 | 60 | 8 |
| Age (years) | 44.0 (29.0) | 42.0 (33.0) | 46.5 (27.5) | 49.0 (24.5) |
| Male, n (%) | 101 (71.1) | 54 (65.8) | 47 (78.3) | 7 (87.5) |
| BMI | 25.0 (5.0) | 25.0 (5.0) | 26.0 (4.0) | 26.0 (5.5) |
| ISS | 41.0 (22.0) | 41.0 (22.0) | 42.0 (22.5) | 37.5 (17) |
| AIS chest | 4.0 (1.0) | 4.0 (2.0) | 4.0 (1.0) | 4.0 (1.0) |
| AIS head | 3.0 (4.0) | 3.0 (4.0) | 2.0 (5.0) | 0.0 (3.5) |
| AIS face | 0.0 (2.0) | 0.0 (1.0) | 0.0 (2.0) | 0.0 (0.0) |
| AIS abdomen | 2.0 (3.0) | 2.0 (3.0) | 2.0 (5.0) | 2.5 (3.0) |
| AIS extremity | 3.0 (2.0) | 3.0 (4.0) | 3.0 (2.0) | 3.0 (1.5) |
| AIS external | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) |
| TTS | 11.0 (7.0) | 10.0 (7.0) | 12.0 (8.0) | 12.5 (9.5) |
| P/F-ratio | 1.0 (2.0) | 1.0 (2.0) | 2.5 (4.0) | 3.0 (4.0) |
| Rib fracture | 2.0 (2.0) | 2.0 (3.0) | 2.0 (2.0) | 2.5 (2.0) |
| Contusion | 2.0 (3.0) | 3.0 (1.0) | 3.0 (1.0) | 3.0 (0.5) |
| Pleural involvement | 3.0 (1.0) | 2.0 (2.0) | 3.0 (1.0) | 3.0 (2.0) |
| Age | 3.0 (1.0) | 1.5 (3.0) | 2.0 (2.0) | 2.0 (2.0) |
| Berlin, n (%) | 115 (81.0) | 64 (78.0) | 51 (85.0) | 7 (87.5) |
| 2 AIS ≥ 3 | 120 (84.5) | 68 (82.9) | 52 (86.6) | 7 (87.5) |
| SBP ≤ 90 | 68 (47.9) | 34 (41.4) | 34 (56.6) | 5 (62.5) |
| Coagulopathy | 49 (34.5) | 22 (26.8) | 27 (45.0) | 4 (50) |
| Acidosis | 79 (75.6) | 42 (51.2) | 37 (61.6) | 6 (75) |
| Age ≥ 70 | 22 (15.5) | 13 (15.8) | 9 (15.0) | 1 (12.5) |
| GCS ≤ 8 | 91 (64.1) | 53 (64.6) | 38 (63.3) | 7 (87.5) |
| CPR prior CT, n (%) | 25 (17.6) | 9 (10.9) | 16 (26.6) | 2 (25) |
| P/F-ratio | 283.0 (236.0) | 334.5 (202.0) | 206.5 (281.5) | 186.0 (238.5) |
| Ventilator (days) | 10.0 (17.0) | 11.0 (16.0) | 8.5 (16.0) | 15 (20.75) |
| ICU (days) | 15.0 (23.0) | 17.0 (22.0) | 13.0 (24.0) | 17.0 (24.0) |
| 24-h mortality, n (%) | 12 (8.4) | 3 (3.6) | 9 (16.0) | 1 (12.5) |
| 30-d mortality, n (%) | 32 (22.5) | 14 (17.1) | 18 (30.0) | 2 (25.0) |
| Hospital mortality, n (%) | 34 (23.0) | 14 (17.1) | 20 (33.3) | 2 (25.0) |
BMI, body mass index; ISS, injury severity score; AIS, abbreviated injury severity; TTS, thoracic trauma score; P/F-ratio, PaO2/FiO2-ratio; Berlin, Berlin polytrauma definition; SBP ≤ 90, systolic blood pressure ≤ 90 mmHg; Age ≥ 70, age ≥ 70 years; GCS ≤ 8, Glasgow coma scale ≤ 8 points; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; CT, computed tomography; ICU, intensive care unit.