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. 2022 Jun 30;12(7):680. doi: 10.3390/membranes12070680

Figure 3.

Figure 3

(a) X-ray diffraction patterns; (b) FT-IR spectra of ZrO2, ZrO2-TiO2 with different Zr:Ti ratios (Zr:Ti = 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3) and TiO2 particles; (c) Water uptake and ion exchange capacity (IEC) of N112 and the composite membranes (NZ, NT, NZT31, NZT11, NZT13).