Table 2.
Nutritional compositions and physical properties of control and cricket powder-enriched whole wheat bread.
| Sample | Control | Cricket Powder (%, w/w Flour Basis) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | |
| Nutritional properties (based on a dry basis) | ||||||
| Moisture (g/100 g) | 27.12 ± 0.02 bc | 29.16 ± 0.13 ab | 23.33 ± 0.10 d | 26.60 ± 0.04 c | 31.24 ± 0.03 a | 28.46 ± 0.01 bc |
| Protein (g/100 g) | 15.72 ± 3.57 d | 18.97 ± 0.37 c | 21.90 ± 0.46 b | 22.79 ± 0.07 b | 25.86 ± 0.95 a | 25.94 ± 0.10 a |
| Lipids (g/100 g) | 9.07 ± 0.07 c | 10.91 ± 0.09 bc | 10.33 ± 1.30 bc | 11.85 ± 0.18 abc | 13.89 ± 0.22 ab | 15.07 ± 1.15 a |
| Ash (g/100 g) | 1.67 ± 0.02 c | 2.09 ± 0.13 b | 2.22 ± 0.10 a | 2.34 ± 0.04 a | 2.21 ± 0.03 a | 2.33 ± 0.01 a |
| Carbohydrate (g/100 g) | 73.53 ± 0.07 a | 68.03 ± 0.76 b | 65.55 ± 0.72 b | 63.01 ± 1.79 c | 58.04 ± 0.34 d | 56.65 ± 1.39 d |
| Color | ||||||
| L* crust | 52.47 ± 4.69 ab | 56.18 ± 0.63 a | 53.80 ± 1.62 ab | 55.90 ± 0.60 a | 51.57 ± 1.20 ab | 49.91 ± 1.22 b |
| a* crust | 12.66 ± 0.61 a | 10.10 ± 0.51 b | 10.57 ± 0.77 b | 9.23 ± 0.28 b | 9.57 ± 0.32 b | 9.22 ± 0.23 b |
| b* crust | 21.50 ± 0.44 a | 12.38 ± 2.23 d | 18.63 ± 0.69 ab | 17.05 ± 0.52 bc | 15.39 ± 0.82 cd | 13.24 ± 0.63 d |
| L* crumb | 69.98 ± 1.63 a | 64.48 ± 0.98 b | 61.30 ± 0.42 c | 58.18 ± 1.67 d | 57.96 ± 0.44 d | 55.60 ± 0.60 d |
| a* crumb | 3.70 ± 0.24 c | 4.78 ± 0.17 c | 5.22 ± 0.15 ab | 4.39 ± 0.06 a | 4.68 ± 0.22 b | 4.68 ± 0.14 b |
| b* crumb | 18.03 ± 0.77 a | 17.48 ± 0.24 a | 17.22 ± 0.27 a | 14.37 ± 0.29 b | 13.59 ± 0.97 b | 13.84 ± 0.36 b |
| Texture properties | ||||||
| Hardness (g) | 31,840.97 ± 123.42 f | 33,695.79 ± 69.04 d | 33,363.07 ± 121.79 e | 44,886.30 ± 62.31 c | 55,170.31 ± 41.94 b | 59,285.75 ± 95.64 a |
| Cohesiveness | 0.77 ± 0.03 ab | 0.80 ± 0.02 a | 0.73 ± 0.00 b | 0.62 ± 0.01 c | 0.61 ± 0.01 c | 0.63 ± 0.02c |
| Springiness | 0.77 ± 0.03 a | 0.54 ± 0.01 c | 0.58 ± 0.02 c | 0.62 ± 0.01 b | 0.61 ± 0.01 b | 0.61 ± 0.02 b |
| Chewiness (g) | 12,422.32 ± 92.48 f | 14,411.83 ± 81.12 e | 16,820.48 ± 71.84 d | 17,765.58 ± 79.47 c | 23,708.64 ± 174.07 a | 18,313.16 ± 58.98 b |
Results were expressed as the average of the triplicate samples with mean ± SD. Within each line, the mean values superscripted by different letters in the same row are significantly different (p < 0.05).