Figure 5.

Prediction of microbial functional pathways and short-chain fatty acid production. (A) Differential pathways between the NC and HFD groups (two-sided Welch’s t-test at p < 0.05); (B) Heatmap of the differential pathways in (A) among all groups; (C–F) Colonic acetate, propionate, butyrate, and iso-butyrate concentrations. Data are shown as means ± SD; ^# p < 0.05, ^## p < 0.01 vs. NC group, unpaired Student’s t-test; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 vs. HFD group, one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test.