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. 2022 Jul 21;14(7):1511. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071511

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The effects of ciclesonide and tylophorine-based dbq33b, respectively, alone or in combination on the cytokine productions in HCoV-OC43-infected MRC-5 cells. (A) IL-8, IL-6, and MCP-1 were highly induced and produced in MRC-5 cells upon HCoV-OC43 infection at 30 h.p.i. (a) The changes in culture supernatant levels of 42 cytokines with or without HCoV-OC43 infection were evaluated using a cytokine array (Abcam, ab133997) from HCoV-OC43-infected cells and control cells at 30 h.p.i. (b) ELISA kits with high specificity as indicated were used to verify and evaluate the identified cytokine productions from (a). (B) The effects of ciclesonide and tylophorine-based dbq33b, separately or in combination, on the cytokine productions of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1. (a) IL-8, IL-6, and MCP-1 were highly produced in MRC-5 cells upon HCoV-OC43 infection over a period of three days. (b) The respective dosage effects of ciclesonide and tylophorine-based dbq33b on the production of IL-8, IL-6, and MCP-1 in HCoV-OC43-infected MRC-5 cells. Results shown are representative of three independent experiments and AVE ± S.D. from three independent experiments. (c). The effect of the combination of ciclesonide and tylophorine-based dbq33b on the production of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 in HCoV-OC43-infected MRC-5 cells at 30 h.p.i. Shown synergy scores are AVE ± S.D. from three independent dose-matrix experiments analyzed via the online SynergyFinder (https://synergyfinder.fimm.fi/, accessed on 30 March 2021).

The effects of ciclesonide and tylophorine-based dbq33b, respectively, alone or in combination on the cytokine productions in HCoV-OC43-infected MRC-5 cells. (A) IL-8, IL-6, and MCP-1 were highly induced and produced in MRC-5 cells upon HCoV-OC43 infection at 30 h.p.i. (a) The changes in culture supernatant levels of 42 cytokines with or without HCoV-OC43 infection were evaluated using a cytokine array (Abcam, ab133997) from HCoV-OC43-infected cells and control cells at 30 h.p.i. (b) ELISA kits with high specificity as indicated were used to verify and evaluate the identified cytokine productions from (a). (B) The effects of ciclesonide and tylophorine-based dbq33b, separately or in combination, on the cytokine productions of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1. (a) IL-8, IL-6, and MCP-1 were highly produced in MRC-5 cells upon HCoV-OC43 infection over a period of three days. (b) The respective dosage effects of ciclesonide and tylophorine-based dbq33b on the production of IL-8, IL-6, and MCP-1 in HCoV-OC43-infected MRC-5 cells. Results shown are representative of three independent experiments and AVE ± S.D. from three independent experiments. (c). The effect of the combination of ciclesonide and tylophorine-based dbq33b on the production of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 in HCoV-OC43-infected MRC-5 cells at 30 h.p.i. Shown synergy scores are AVE ± S.D. from three independent dose-matrix experiments analyzed via the online SynergyFinder (https://synergyfinder.fimm.fi/, accessed on 30 March 2021).