Table 3.
Addressed nutrition items of lifestyle screening tools for children in the community setting.
| Tool Name | Consumption of Food Groups | Dietary Habits | Psychological Factors Associated with Nutrition | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. NutricheQ [18,19,20] | Vegetables, fruits, milk, dairy products, sweetened beverages, fortified cereals, red meat instead of oily or dark fish, fast food, unhealthy snacks | Age moving to cow’s milk, avoiding foods due to allergy or intolerance | ||
| 2. Toddler Feeding Questionnaire (TFQ) a [21] | Parental indulgent and authoritative practices, not further specified | Food environment-related, not further specified | ||
| 3. Toddler NutriSTEP a [22] | Vegetables and fruits, flavoured beverages, dairy and substitutes, grains, meat and alternatives, fast food | Eating while watching TV, eating episodes per day, child feeds him- or herself, drinking from bottle with a nipple | Food is expensive, problems with chewing or swallowing when eating, being hungry at mealtimes, child controls amount consumed | |
| 4. Toddler Dietary Questionnaire (TDQ) [23] | Vegetables, fruits, dairy, milk beverages, non-milk beverages, grains, white versus non-white bread, meat products, lean red meat, fish, hot potato products, snack products, sweet snacks, spreadable fats, vegemite-type spreads | |||
| 5. Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) a [24] | Food fussiness, emotional overeating, emotional undereating, satiety responsiveness, slowness in eating, desire to drink, food responsiveness | Enjoyment of food | ||
| 6. Nutrition Screening Tool for Every Preschooler (NutriSTEP) [25,26,27] | Vegetables, fruits, dairy, grain products, meat or fish or poultry or alternatives, fast food, supplements | Eating while watching TV, eating episodes per day | Difficulty buying food because of costs, problems with chewing, swallowing, gagging or choking when eating, not hungry because of drinking all day, parental control of amount consumed | |
| 7. Preschooler Dietary Questionnaire (PDQ) a [28] | Vegetables, fruits, dairy, milk beverages, non-milk beverages, grains, white versus non-white bread, meat products, lean red meat, fish, hot potato products, snack products, sweet snacks, spreadable fats, vegemite-type spreads | |||
| 8. Preschoolers Diet–Lifestyle Index (PDL-index) [29] | Vegetables, fruits, sweets, dairy products, grains, red meat (products), white meat and legumes, fish and seafood, unsaturated fats | |||
| 9. Healthy Kids [30] | Vegetables, fruits, sugar-sweetened beverages, dairy, unhealthy snacks | Parent and child eating together, removing fat from meat | ||
| 10. Tool by Das and Ghosh a [31] | Knowledge on healthy dietary habits, nutrients and child nutrition practice | |||
| 11. Start the Conversation 4–12 (STC-4-12) [32] | Vegetables and fruits, sugar-sweetened beverages, milk type, unhealthy snacks, fast food | Barriers and readiness to change regarding healthy eating | ||
| 12. Healthy Families Survey [33] | Vegetables, fruits, sugar-sweetened beverages, healthy snacks, unhealthy snacks | Eating out, parent and child eating together, picky eating | Parental modelling and parent–child interactions regarding healthy eating, parental food resource management and shopping behaviours | |
| 13. Knowledge, Attitudes and Habits (KAH-) questionnaire [34] | Vegetables, fruits, pastries | Consuming breakfast, lunch and dinner, having mid-morning snack, trying new foods | Attitudes towards healthy and unhealthy eating | Knowledge on healthy and unhealthy eating |
| 14. Parental Self-efficacy Questionnaire [35] | Confidence regarding intake of vegetables, fruits, fruit juice, sugary drinks, sweets, dairy, grains, meat and alternatives, sodium, fats and eating out, eating together, child making healthy choices | |||
| 15. Tool by Chacko and Ganesan [36] | Vegetables, green leafy vegetables, fruit, cereals, pulses and dahl and non-vegetarian food, milk and coffee and tea and flavoured milk and curd, junk food, food from street shops | Mid-morning and evening snack, meal skipping | ||
| 16. Food, Health and Choices questionnaire (FHC-Q) [37] | Vegetables, fruits, sugar-sweetened beverages, processed packaged snacks, fast food | Self-determination, outcome expectations, self-efficacy, habit strength, goal intention, knowledge and social desirability regarding a healthy diet | ||
| 17. Healthy Eating and Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children (HEPASEQ-C) [38] | Self-efficacy to adhere to recommendations and to choose the healthy option when in temptation | |||
| 18. Healthy Eating and Physical Activity Behavior Recall Questionnaire for Children (HEPABRQ-C) [38] | Vegetables, number of colours of vegetables, fruits, soda pop, dairy, healthy snacks | Choosing the healthy option when eating out | ||
| 19. Eating Behavior Questionnaire for School Children a [39] | Food responsiveness, meal timings, eating problems, meal preparation | |||
| 20. Tool by Drouin and Winickoff [40] | Sugar-sweetened beverages | |||
| 21. Child Nutrition and Physical Activity (CNPA) Screening Tool [41] | Vegetables, fruits, sugar-sweetened beverages, milk, milk type, fast food | Consuming breakfast, dinner eaten with adult | Perception, confidence and importance items on a healthy diet | |
| 22. Electronic Kids Dietary Index (E-KINDEX) [42] | Vegetables, fruits and fruit juices, sweets and junk food, soft drinks, milk, bread, cereals and grain foods, meat, salted and smoked meat food, fish and seafood, legumes, fried food, grilled food | Consuming breakfast, number of main meals and snacks, eating in fast food restaurants or other eating places, eating with family, eating alone, eating of healthy food, eating meals in afternoon school, eating foods because they are advertised, eating whatever food is prepared at home, parental insistence to eat all the food, eating when not hungry | Beliefs and attitudes regarding an (un)healthy diet, weight, dieting | |
| 23. Family Health Behavior Scale (FHBS) [43] | Consuming breakfast, eating three meals a day, eating at table, staying seated at the table, eating at a routine time, asking for unhealthy snacks, eating when bored, emotional eating, eating frequently, sneaking of food | Being influenced to eat or offered unhealthy foods by others | Choices and teaching on healthy foods by parents | |
| 24. Family Nutrition and Physical Activity (FNPA) screening tool a [44,45] | Food choices, beverage choices | Family eating patterns, family eating habits | Restriction/rewarding | |
| 25. HABITS questionnaire [46] | Vegetables, fruits, fruit juice, sugar-sweetened beverages, milk, water, fast food meals, unhealthy snacks | Eating while watching TV, eating three meals a day, eating extra meals or snacks | ||
| 26. Healthy Living for Kids Survey (HLKS) a [47] | Vegetables, fruits, low fat milk, whole wheat bread | Self-efficacy and nutritional intention for healthy eating | ||
| 27. HeartSmartKids (HSK) a [48] (HeartSmartKids, LLC, Boulder, US) | At least: vegetables and fruits, sugar-sweetened beverages (incl. juice), milk, unhealthy snacks | At least: consuming breakfast, eating at restaurants, eating while watching TV | ||
| 28. Home Self-Administered Tool for Environmental Assessment of Activity and Diet (HomeSTEAD) [49] | Parent and child eating together at table, eating while TV is on | Parental autonomy support, atmosphere during meals | Parental control and limit setting, eating area decoration | |
| 29. Lifestyle Behavior Checklist (LBC) [50,51] | Parental problems experiencing and confidence in dealing with child’s eating habits (e.g., eats too quickly, yells about food, hides food) | |||
| 30. Pediatric Adapted Liking Survey (PALS) [52] | b Vegetables, fruits, sugar-sweetened beverages, dairy, meat, fish, beans, peanut butter, unhealthy snacks (sweet, salty and fat) | |||
| 31. Short-Form, Multicomponent Dietary Questionnaire (SF-FFQ4PolishChildren) a [53] | Vegetables, fruits, sugar-sweetened beverages, energy drinks, juices, sweets, dairy, fish, fast food | Breakfast consumption, frequency of having two meals per day | Nutrition knowledge | |
| 34. Adolescent Lifestyle Profile (ALP) a [56,57] | At least: vegetables, fruits, sweets, low fat dairy, chicken or fish instead of beef | At least: consuming breakfast | ||
| 35. Childhood Family Mealtime Questionnaire (CFMQ) (reduced) [58] | Mealtime structure, mealtime communication | Family mealtime stress | Appearance weight control | |
| 36. Diet–Lifestyle Index [59] | Vegetables, fruits, sweets and added sugars, dairy type, wholegrain, breakfast cereals | Consuming breakfast, eating foods not prepared at home, eating episodes per day, removing visible fat from meat/poultry | ||
| 37. Shortened Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP) II a [60] | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| 38. Tool by Fernald et al. a [61] | At least: vegetables, fruits | |||
| 39. Tool by Hyun et al. [62] | Nutrition knowledge, including general knowledge and knowledge regarding food composition, nutrients and diseases | |||
| 40. Tool by Hyun et al. [62] | Vegetables, green and orange vegetables, seaweed, fruits, dairy, meat and fish and egg and beans | Consuming breakfast, eating adequate amounts, combining food groups at each meal | ||
| 41. VISA-TEEN [63] | Vegetables and fruit, soft drinks, dairy, grains and potatoes, red meats, chicken and fish and eggs, butter and sweets, liquid excluding soft drinks |