Table 1.
Characteristics of participants
| Variable | All n=183 (100) | No CI [MoCA 23‐30] n=154 (84.2) | CI [MoCA 17‐22] n=29 (15.8) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender a | 0.70 | |||
| Male, n | 88 (48.1) | 75 (85.2) | 13 (14.8) | |
| Female, n | 95 (51.9) | 79 (83.2) | 16 (16.8) | |
| Ethnicity a | 0.02 | |||
| Chinese, n | 153 (83.6) | 134 (87.6) | 19 (12.4) | |
| Malay, n | 16 (8.7) | 9 (56.2) | 7 (43.8) | |
| Indian, n | 14 (7.7) | 10 (71.4) | 4 (28.6) | |
| Age, years | 72.1±5.2 | 71.8±5.1 | 73.4±5.6 | 0.13 |
| Education, years | 8.0±4.0 | 8.5±3.8 | 5.2±4.1 | <0.01 |
| Living alone, n | 13 (7.1) | 11 (7.1) | 2 (6.9) | 0.64 |
| Number of ADL impairments (≥1), score | 1.3±1.0 | 1.2±0.8 | 1.8±2.0 | 0.47 |
| Number of IADL impairments (≥1), score | 2.0±1.7 | 1.9±1.5 | 3.3±3.3 | 0.49 |
| Gait speed, metre/ second | 0.90±0.24 | 0.92±0.23 | 0.78±0.25 | <0.01 |
| Subjective memory complains, n | 33 (18.2) | 26 (17.0) | 7 (25.0) | 0.31 |
| Sarcopenia, n | 19 (13.1) | 13 (10.5) | 6 (28.6) | 0.02 |
| Hypertension, n | 132 (73.3) | 111 (73.5) | 21 (72.4) | 0.90 |
| Diabetes, n | 98 (54.1) | 82 (53.9) | 16 (55.2) | 0.90 |
| Hyperlipidaemia, n | 154 (85.1) | 131 (86.2) | 23 (79.3) | 0.34 |
| Polypharmacy, n | 58 (32.0) | 50 (32.9) | 8 (27.6) | 0.58 |
| MoCA, score | 25.8±3.0 | 26.9±2.0 | 20.4±1.3 | <0.01 |
| RCS, score | 8.0±1.7 | 8.3±1.5 | 6.2±1.8 | <0.01 |
Bold indicates p < 0.05; Values are n (%), otherwise Mean ± Standard Deviation (SD).
a
Row %, otherwise column %.
Abbreviations: CI, cognitive impairment; ADL, activities of daily living; IADL, instrumental activities of daily living; EQ‐VAS, euroqol visual analogue scale; MoCA, montreal cognitive assessment; RCS, rapid cognitive screen.