Table 1.
The basic information of TCM treatment for T2DM.
| Author | Country | Research department | TCM treatment | Contains ingredients/contents | Number of RCTs included |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhipeng Hu 2021 [11] | China | Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Chinese Medicine | Huanglian Jiedu decoction | Phellodendron chinense Schneid. Rutaceae (Huáng B˘ai) and Gardenia jasminoides Ellis Rubiaceae (Zhi Zĭ). | 9 |
| Dingyuan Zhong 2016 [12] | China | Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine | Unspecified TCM therapy | — | 13 |
| Jiarong Lan 2015 [13] | China | Wenzhou Hospital of TCM, Zhejiang University of TCM | Coptis root | — | 27 |
| Xue Wang 2015 [14] | China | Shandong University of TCM | Tonifying spleen and Qi herbs | Buzhong Yiqi decoction Flavored, Buzhong Yiqi decoction modified, spleen-invigorating, hypoglycemic decoction, spleen-invigorating, and Qi-reducing decoction, spleen-invigorating and Qi-reducing Chinese medicine, spleen-reducing sugar decoction, spleen-invigorating, and Qi-reducing TCM, self-made health spleen hypoglycemic formula, Jianpi Jiangtang decoction, “pancrease kangxiao” capsules, Chinese herbs for strengthening spleen and Qi | 11 |
| Haibo Huang 2015 [15] | China | Hunan University of TCM | Liuwei Dihuang Wan | — | 8 |
| Yongzhong Wang 2015 [16] | China | The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of TCM | Xiaoke pills | — | 15 |
| Xiaodong Han 2014 [17] | China | Hebei Medical University | Compound of nourishing Qi, replenishing Yin, and activating blood flow | — | 19 |
| Chi Xiao 2014 [18] | China | Dalian Medical University | Yuquan powder | — | 10 |
| Xiu-Feng Yan 2014 [19] | China | Guang'anmen Hospital | Three-typed syndrome differentiation (TTSD) | — | 19 |
| Lu sun 2012 [20] | China | Guangdong Provincial Hospital of TCM | Kidney-tonifying and blood-activating TCM compound treatment | — | 15 |
| Winnie Chen 2012 [21] | China | Guangdong University of Chinese Medicine | Jinqi Jiangtang tablets, Qihuang capsules | — | 17 |
| Jinlan Peng 2013 [22] | China | Department of Endocrinology, Pu'ai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology | Jinqi Jiangtang tablets | Astragalus, Huanglian, and honeysuckle | 6 |
| Pu Run 2013 [23] | China | Department of Pharmacy Management and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Peking University Medical Center | Liuwei Dihuang Wan | — | 16 |
| Luyao Zhang 2019 [24] | China | Beijing University of Chinese Medicine | Compound of nourishing Qi, replenishing Yin, activating blood flow | — | 17 |
| External treatment of TCM : nourishing Qi, replenishing Yin, activating blood flow | — | 5 | |||
| Yongzhong Wang 2014 [25] | China | Anhui University of TCM, First Affiliated hospital | Xiaoke pills | — | 17 |
| Jie Zhu 2018 [26] | China | The Second Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China | Ginger | — | Qualitative 12, meta 10 |
| Jingyan Yan 2018 [27] | China | Jiangxi University of TCM Research Center for the Development of Differentiated Basic Theories of TCM | Recipe for clearing stomach and intestines (Gegen Qinlian Decoction/Bai-hu decoction) | — | 24 |
| Yuqing Liang 2018 [28] | China | School of TCM, Jinan University | Strengthen spleen and reduce phlegm Chinese medicine | Shenling Baizhu powder modified, Wuling powder modified, TCM decoction for strengthening spleen and dampness, modification and subtraction of Jianpi Yiqi Huazhuo Fang, Heqi powder, Xiaoke Jianpi capsule, Wuling powder modification, and subtraction, Shenling Baizhu powder modified, modified Wuling powder, modified Shenling Baizhu powder, invigorating the spleen and removing dampness | 12 |
| Wei Zhang 2018 [29] | China | Yinchuan Hospital of TCM | Xiaoke recipe | — | 18 |
| Yue Cheng 2018 [30] | China | T2DM | TCM compound | — | 14 |
| Chongqi Ma 2017 [31] | China | North China University of Technology | TCM nutritional therapy | — | 11 |
| Linlin Kong 2012 [32] | China | School of Business Administration, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University | TCM methods | Compound pancreatic Suling, Liu Wei di Huang Wan, Xian Hu capsules, low phenolic cotton seed capsules, anti-thirst spirit, Tui Na Chiropractic | 7 |
| Multitherapeutic combination | 12 | ||||
| Tingting Shao 2009 [33] | China | Chengdu University of Chinese Medicine | Unspecified TCM therapy | 12 | |
| Dugoua Jean-Jacques 2007 [34] | Canada | Cassia bark | cassia bark | 3 | |
| X. Wang 2014 [35] | China | Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences | Green tea or green tea extract | Green tea or green tea extract | 7 |
| Xiaolin Zhang 2020 [36] | China | College of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine | Tui Na (massage therapy) | Chinese massage (CM) | 10 |
| Chunli Piao 2020 [37] | China | Institution of Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese medicine | Tianqi Jiangtang capsules | Tianqi hypoglycemic capsules | 8 |
| Xitao Ma [38] | China | Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine | Banxia Xiexin decoction with addition | — | 9 |
| Jiahui Hu 2020 [39] | China | Beijing University of Chinese Medicine | Chinese patent medicine | Liu Wei di Huang Wan, Xiao Xie Wan, Jin Li da, Ginseng-Astragalus hypoglycemic granules/capsules/tablets (abbreviated as Ginseng-Astragalus hypoglycemic), Tian Qi hypoglycemic capsules/granules/tablets | 42 |
| Jiahui Hu 2020 [40] | China | Beijing University of Chinese Medicine | Treating proprietary Chinese medicines and prescriptions from the perspective of the liver | Prosperity san\diversion of the liver and qi herbs\nourishing Yin and draining the liver herbs\liver and spleen harmonizing decoction\detoxification and liver regulating formula\digestion and liver clearing drink\Dan Gardenia prosperity san\liver clearing and heart diarrhea decoction\added flavor da Chai Hu granules\sugar Min Ling Wan\liver diarrhea and dampness formula | 13 |
| Ying Fu 2020 [41] | China | Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine | Unspecified TCM therapy | Huanglian Su, clearing heat, benefiting Qi and invigorating blood, clearing liver and lungs, Jinmai warming gall bladder, Huangzen Tang, Dahuang Huanglian diarrhea heart, Ge Gen cenlian Tang, Warming Yang, benefiting Qi and invigorating blood, clearing heat, invigorating blood, and resolving phlegm, Fuhe liver, and benefiting spleen | 13 |
| Huijuan Gao 2019 [42] | China | Yuquan Hospital, Tsing Hua University, | Jinqi Jiangtang tablets | Jinqi Jiangtang tablet | 17 |
| Fangyan Huang 2019 [43] | China | Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities | Ginger | Zingiber officinale | 8 |
| Fengmei Lian 2019 [44] | China | Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, | Jinlida granules | Jinlida granules | 15 |
| Yujiao Zheng 2021 [45] | China | Department of Endocrinology, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China | Banxia Xiexin granules | (Pinelliae Rhizoma 12 g, Scutellariae Radix 9 g, Coptidis Rhizoma 3 g, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma 9 g, Zingiberis Rhizoma 9 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 9 g, Jujubae fructus 9 g), | 4 |
| Compound of Ginseng | Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma 10 g, Astragali Radix 30 g, Corni fructus Radix 10 g, Rehmanniae Radix 15 g, Salviae et Rhizoma 6 g) | ||||
| Gegen Qinlian decoction | (Puerariae Lobatae Radix, Scutellariae Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix et rhizoma), | ||||
| Tonifying Qi and strengthening spleen decoction | AMC herbal formula (Anemarrhenae rhizoma, Momordica charantia, Coptidis rhizoma, Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, fermentum Schisandrae chinensis fructus, and Zingiberis Rhizoma) | ||||
| Xu Zhou 2021 [46] | China | Evidence-Based Medicine Research Center, Jiangxi University of TCM, Nanchang, 330004, China. | Acupuncture | Acupuncture | 21 |
| Zhipeng Hu 2021 [47] | China | Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China | Jingui Shenqi pills | Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC. (dì Huáng), Orobanchaceae; dioscorea oppositifolia L. (Huái Shān Yào), Dioscoreaceae; cornus officinalis siebold (Shān Zhū Yú), Cornaceae; alisma plantago-aquatica L. (Zé Xiè), Alismataceae; Smilax glabra roxb. (Fú Líng), Smilacaceae; Paeonia × suffruticosa Andrews. (Mŭ dān Pí), Paeoniaceae; Neolitsea cassia (L.) Kosterm. (Guì Zhī), Lauraceae; and Aconitum carmichaelii debeaux, Ranunculaceae. | 14 |
| Jiang Li 2021 [48] | China | Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China. | Heat-clearing method | Astragalus, yam, poria, atractylodes, and Ginseng; Coptis, rhubarb, Radix Scutellariae, sophora flavescens, and honeysuckle | 15 |
| Guohua Mu 2021 [49] | China | Beijing University of Chinese Medicine | Coptis-cassia bark | Huanglian-cassia bark | 6 |
| Aiping Deng 2021 [50] | China | Heilongjiang University of TCM | TCM decoctions | Benefiting Qi and nourishing Yin, hypoglycemic and sensitizing decoction ∗ 2, dan gardenia and lipid regulating decoction, beneficial Yin and dampness Chinese herbs, strengthening the spleen and kidneys, clearing phlegm and blood, warming the Yang and strengthening the spleen method, strengthening the spleen and benefiting Qi Chinese herbs, Tonifying the organs and enlarging the ligaments, Erzhu Xia Lan Tang, beneficial Qi and nourishing Yin and clearing heat, dispelling pancreatic resistance, warming the Yang and strengthening the spleen decoction, Ling Gui Jie Gan Tang | 14 |
| Zhiyuan deng 2020 [51] | China | Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine First Clinical School of Medicine | Jinqi Jiangtang tablets | Golden Astragalus hypoglycemic tablets | 10 |
| Jiaxing Tian 2019 [52] | China | Tian, Jiaxing Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China | Unspecified TCM therapy | Pueraria mirifica powder, argyle sugar health tablets, anti-thirst pill, Kai Yu Qing heat and lowering turbidity formula, Tian Qi lowering sugar capsules, Jin Li da, sugar min Ling pill, Wu Mei formula, Tang Ke soft capsules, Pueraria Mirifica Scutellaria Tang, Huang Lian Su | 12 |
| Siyi Zhao 2019 [53] | China | Siyi Zhao, School of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of TCM | Liuwei Dihuang Wan (soup) | Cornus officinalis, Chinese Yam, radix Rehmanniae, Radix Zeligae, dampi, poria | 20 |
| Tingting Guo [54] | China | Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of TCM | Unspecified TCM therapy | — | 12 |
| Huiping Tian 2019 [55] | China | Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University | Replenishing Qi nourishing Yin method | Yiqi Yangyin recipe, Sanqi dan granules, Yiqi Yangyin clearing heat and blood activating TCM, Yiqi Yangyin Huoxue Tongluo decoction, Yiqi Yangyin decoction, Quyi Difang decoction, Yiqi Yangyin Huoxue decoction, sugar kidney 1 no. Fang, Yiqi Yangyin Qingre Huoxue Fang | 13 |
| Yanling Dai 2019 [56] | China | School of Nursing, Fujian University of TCM; People's Hospital of Fujian University of TCM | TCM diet therapy + conventional therapy | — | 12 |
| Replenishing Qi and nourishing Yin diet therapy + conventional treatment | |||||
| Nonreplenishing Qi and nourishing Yin diet therapy + conventional treatment | |||||
| Yuming Gu 2018 [57] | China | Shandong University of TCM | Chromium-containing Chinese medicine Tianmai Xiaoke tablets | Tianmai Xiaoke tablet contains chromium picolinate (1.6 mg per tablet, equal to 200 μg of chromium), Tianhuafen (Radix Trichosanthis, snake gourd root), Maidong (radix ophiopogonis, Dwarf Lilyturf tuber), and Wuweizi (fructus Schisandrae Chinensis) | 7 |