Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 cases in ICU.
| Characteristic | Total n = 12,436 | Survivors n = 8210 (66%) | Non-survivors n = 4,226 (34%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 0.001 | |||
| Mean—SD | 59.57 ± 18.30 | |||
| 19–44 | 2,316 (18.6) | 1,877 (22.9) | 439 (10.4) | |
| 45–54 | 2,334 (18.8) | 1,736 (21.1) | 598 (14.2) | |
| 55–64 | 3,029 (24.4) | 1,993 (24.3) | 1,036 (24.5) | |
| 65–74 | 2,490 (20.0) | 1,472 (17.9) | 1,018 (24.1) | |
| More than 75 years old | 2,267 (18.2) | 1,132 (13.8) | 1,135 (26.9) | |
| Gender | 0.246 | |||
| Male | 7,686 (61.8) | 5,056 (65.8) | 2,630 (34.2) | |
| Female | 4,750 (38.2) | 3,154 (66.4) | 1,596 (33.6) | |
| Nationality | 0.038 | |||
| Saudi | 8,516 (68.5) | 5,578 (65.5) | 2,938 (34.5) | |
| Non-Saudi | 3,920 (31.5) | 2,632 (67.1) | 1,288 (32.9) | |
|
No of days in the ICU Median (minimum—maximum) |
6 (0–398) | 3 (0–390) | 11 (0–398) | 0.001 |
|
No of days in the ICU Mean—SD |
9.41 ± 14.33 | 14.34 ± 15.53 | 6.86 ± 12.96 | |
|
No of days in hospital admission
Median (minimum—maximum) |
10 (0–403) | 8 (0–390) | 14 (0–403) | 0.001 |
|
No of days in hospital admission
Mean—SD |
13.79 ± 15.90 | 11.54 ± 14.92 | 16.84 ±15.90 | |
| Invasive ventilation | 0.001 | |||
| Yes | 4,509 (36.3) | 1,580 (35.0) | 2,929 (65.0) | |
| No | 7,927 (63.7) | 6,630 (83.6) | 1,297 (16.4) | |
| Type of invasive ventilation | 0.001 | |||
| Tracheostomy | 8,131 (65.4) | 6,750 (83.0) | 1,381 (17.0) | |
| Endotracheal tube | 4,305 (34.6) | 1,460 (33.9) | 2,845 (66.1) | |
| Type of non-invasive ventilation | 0.001 | |||
| BIPAP | 737 (5.9) | 484 (65.7) | 253 (34.4) | |
| CIPAP | 337 (2.7) | 191 (57.0) | 144 (43.0) | |
| High flow canula | 1,317 (10.6) | 1,065 (80.9) | 252 (19.1) | |
| Venturi mask | 56 (0.5) | 43 (76.8) | 13 (23.2) | |
| None | 9,991 (80.3) | 6,427 (64.3) | 3,564 (35.7) | |
| Oxygen therapy | 0.001 | |||
| Face mask | 1,789 (14.4) | 1,613 (90.2) | 176 (9.8) | |
| Nasal canula | 1,308 (10.5) | 1,222 (93.4) | 86 (6.6) | |
| Non-rebreathing mask | 1,613 (13.0) | 1,318 (81.7) | 295 (18.3) | |
| Venturi mask | 25 (0.2) | 15 (60.0) | 10 (40.0) | |
| None | 7,701 (61.9) | 4,042 (52.5) | 3,659 (47.5) | |
| ECMO | 0.216 | |||
| Yes | 82 (0.7) | 58 (70.7) | 24 (29.3) | |
| No | 12,354 (99.3) | 8,152 (68.0) | 4,202 (34.0) | |
| Plasmapheresis | ||||
| Yes | 0 | — | ||
| No | 12,436 (100) | 8,210 (66.0) | 4,226 (34.0) | |
| Renal replacement (dialysis) | 0.001 | |||
| Yes | 499 (4.0) | 203 (40.7) | 296 (59.3) | |
| No | 11,946 (96.0) | 8,007 (67.1) | 3,939 (32.9) | |
| Diagnosis ICD-10 short description | 0.307 | |||
| 1 | 10,269 (82.6) | 6,790 (66.1) | 3,479 (33.9) | |
| More than 1 | 2,167 (17.4) | 1,420 (65.5) | 747 (34.5) | |
| Comorbidities | 0.001 | |||
| None | 3,566 (28.7) | 2,686 (75.3) | 880 (24.7) | |
| 1 | 2,973 (23.9) | 2,022 (68.0) | 951 (32.0) | |
| 2 | 2,835 (22.9) | 1,795 (63.3) | 1,040 (36.7) | |
| 3 or more | 3,062 (24.6) | 1,707 (55.7) | 1,355 (44.3) | |
|
Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) Median |
1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 2 (1–4) | 0.001 |
| 0 point | 4,301 (34.6) | 3,127 (38.1) | 1,174 (27.8) | |
| 1 point | 3,131 (25.2) | 2,118 (25.8) | 1,013 (24.0) | |
| 2 points | 3,376 (27.1) | 2,088 (25.4) | 1,288 (30.5) | |
| More than 2 points | 1,628 (13.1) | 877 (10.7) | 751 (17.8) |
No. of days in ICU, t = −28.39; No. of days in hospital, t = 16.98; R2 = 0.997; Age (N = 41, 0.3% missing); p-values in bold are significant at <0.05.