Table 2.

CMR offerings to the SLE.

Cardiac manifestation	CMR utility	Sequences
What has CMR to offer in systemic lupus erythematosus?
Valvular Heart Disease	Assessment of hemodynamic significance. Reproducible follow-up.	Cine—SSFP, cine-FGE, PhC, 4D-flow
Pericarditis/Pericardial Effusion	Identification Assessment of severity and hemodynamic significance, Detection of inflammation. Detection of constriction.	Cine—SSFP Free-breathing real-time cine T1-W, T2-W STIR LGE-PSIR
RV dysfunction	The gold standard for RV function	Cine—SSFP Strain
LV dysfunction	The gold standard for LV function	Cine—SSFP Strain, diffusion tensor
Myocarditis	Identification and quantification. Follow up free of radiation.	T2-W T1, T2-mapping, ECV LGE-PSIR
Vascular involvement	Coronary arteries—atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and vasospasm.	Cine SSFP, Stress FPP LGE-PSIR, MR coronary angiography
	Great vessels—Aortic involvement	Cine—SSFP, cine-FGE 4D-flow, MRA
	Microvascular dysfunction	Stress FPP LGE-PSIR

SSFP, steady-state free precession; FGE, fast gradient echo; PhC, phase contrast; T2-W, T2-weighted; STIR, short tau inversion recovery; LGE, late gadolinium enhancement; PSIR, Phase-sensitive inversion recovery; MRA, magnetic resonance angiography; ECV, extracellular volume; FPP, first-pass perfusion; MR, magnetic resonance.