Figure 3.

The process of making antibacterial hydrogel. (A) Schematic diagram of the SNP_ECHG fabrication procedures. Chitosan nanoparticles loaded with EGF were first prepared through a modified emulsification method (a-b), following the production of CNPE, AgNO₃ was added to a chitosan-PVA solution, which was vigorously stirred afterward (c), an eight-cycle freezing/thawing procedure was performed on the polymeric mixture (d) to obtain SNP_ECHG (e); Reproduced from Lee YH, Hong YL, Wu TL. Novel silver and nanoparticle-encapsulated growth factor co-loaded chitosan composite hydrogel with sustained antimicrobility and promoted biological properties for diabetic wound healing. Mater Sci Eng C. 2021;118:111385. Copyright 2021, with permission from Elsevier.⁵⁴ (B) Synthesis and potential wound healing application of PABC hydrogel: Main components of PABC hydrogel including PEGDA, ALG and BGN; Reproduced from Li Y, Xu T, Tu Z, et al. Bioactive antibacterial silica-based nanocomposites hydrogel scaffolds with high angiogenesis for promoting diabeticwound healing and skin repair. Theranostics. 2020;10(11):4929–4943. Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).⁶²