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. 2022 Jul 27;9(7):220411. doi: 10.1098/rsos.220411

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Illustration of the causal model addressed by the current study, where play and well-being can have reciprocal effects on each other over time. The RICLPM can deal with C (time-invariant unknown covariates that affect play and WB (well-being)), but not an unknown time-varying variable (U) that confounds the effect of play on well-being. t1 = first time point.