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. 2022 Jul 13;12:882940. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.882940

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Copyright © 2022 Zhang, Zheng, Yang and Sun

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The resistance pathways of BRAF inhibitor. BRAF mutated tumor cells evolve different drug resistance pathways to maintain cell growth after chronic inhibition by BRAF inhibitors. These evolutionary mechanisms ( Table 2 ) include BRAF splice variants, BRAF copy number amplification,CRAF overexpression, MEK1 mutations, and other mechanisms. Different pathways of BRAF evolution can tell us how to overcome the problem of resistance to BRAF inhibitors and how to develop more rational protocols to address the resistance problem.