Table 4.
Descriptive statistics and univariate analysis of demographic and shift work characteristics related to anxiety in shift nurses (N = 6,078).
| Variables | Total | Anxiety, n (%) | F/χ2§ | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal | Mild | Moderate | Severe | ||||
| Total | 6,078 (100.00) | 2,503 (41.18) | 2,591 (42.63) | 669 (11.01) | 315 (5.18) | ||
| Age, years (mean ± SD) |
31.06 ± 5.31 | 30.79 ± 5.43 | 31.17 ± 5.14 | 31.26 ± 5.43 | 31.93 ± 5.37 | 5.74 | <0.001 |
| Years of working (mean ± SD) | 8.42 ± 5.13 | 8.25 ± 5.20 | 8.46 ± 4.97 | 8.52 ± 5.33 | 9.31 ± 5.30 | 4.20 | 0.006 |
|
Fatigue scores (mean ±SD) |
|||||||
| Physical fatigue scores | 5.48 ± 2.73 | 4.21 ± 2.85 | 6.23 ± 2.22 | 6.68 ± 2.26 | 6.75 ± 2.34 | 370.12 | <0.001 |
| Mental fatigue scores | 2.75 ± 1.44 | 2.26 ± 1.40 | 2.95 ± 1.38 | 3.39 ± 1.28 | 3.54 ± 1.29 | 205.50 | <0.001 |
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 403 (6.63) | 162 (40.20) | 150 (37.22) | 65 (16.13) | 26 (6.45) | 14.69 | 0.002 |
| Female | 5,675 (93.37) | 2,341 (41.25) | 2,441 (43.01) | 604 (10.64) | 289 (5.09) | ||
| Education | |||||||
| Associate's degree | 649 (10.68) | 294 (45.3) | 262 (40.37) | 69 (10.63) | 24 (3.70) | 10.32 | 0.112 |
| Bachelor's degree | 5,392 (88.71) | 2,198 (40.76) | 2,308 (42.80) | 596 (11.05) | 290 (5.38) | ||
| Master's degree | 37 (0.61) | 11 (29.73) | 21 (56.76) | 4 (10.81) | 1 (2.70) | ||
| Marital status | |||||||
| Unmarried | 1,811 (29.80) | 772 (42.63) | 766 (42.30) | 206 (11.37) | 67 (3.70) | 17.14 | 0.009 |
| Married | 4,167 (68.56) | 1,683 (40.39) | 1,785 (42.84) | 453 (10.87) | 246 (5.90) | ||
| Others | 100 (1.65) | 48 (48.00) | 40 (40.00) | 10 (10.00) | 2 (2.00) | ||
| Department | |||||||
| Internal medicine | 1,851 (30.45) | 749 (40.46) | 789 (42.63) | 205 (11.08) | 108 (5.83) | 29.10 | 0.216 |
| Surgery | 1,472 (24.22) | 604 (41.03) | 638 (43.34) | 151 (10.26) | 79 (5.37) | ||
| Emergency | 396 (6.52) | 156 (39.39) | 168 (42.42) | 55 (13.89) | 17 (4.29) | ||
| Gynecology and obstetrics | 476 (7.83) | 216 (45.38) | 200 (42.02) | 36 (7.56) | 24 (5.04) | ||
| Pediatrics | 497 (8.18) | 200 (40.24) | 228 (45.88) | 53 (10.66) | 16 (3.22) | ||
| Operating room | 359 (5.91) | 153 (42.62) | 152 (42.34) | 39 (10.86) | 15 (4.18) | ||
| Intensive care unit | 499 (8.21) | 195 (39.08) | 205 (41.08) | 70 (14.03) | 29 (5.81) | ||
| Outpatient | 32 (0.53) | 14 (43.75) | 11 (34.38) | 6 (18.75) | 1 (3.12) | ||
| Others | 496 (8.16) | 216 (43.55) | 200 (40.32) | 54 (10.89) | 26 (5.24) | ||
| Professional title † | |||||||
| Primary | 4,081 (67.14) | 1,742 (42.69) | 1,703 (41.73) | 427 (10.46) | 209 (5.12) | 14.57 | 0.024 |
| Intermediate | 1,960 (32.25) | 744 (37.96) | 875 (44.64) | 238 (12.14) | 103 (5.26) | ||
| Senior | 37 (0.61) | 17 (45.95) | 13 (35.14) | 4 (10.81) | 3 (8.11) | ||
| Monthly income, CNY | |||||||
| <3,000 | 556 (9.15) | 243 (43.71) | 229 (41.19) | 63 (11.33) | 21 (3.78) | 16.06 | 0.066 |
| 3,000–5,999 | 3,790 (62.36) | 1,588 (41.90) | 1,598 (42.16) | 410 (10.82) | 194 (5.12) | ||
| 6,000–8,999 | 1,466 (24.12) | 575 (39.22) | 634 (43.25) | 176 (12.01) | 81 (5.53) | ||
| ≥9,000 | 266 (4.38) | 97 (36.47) | 130 (48.87) | 20 (7.52) | 19 (7.14) | ||
| Work schedule ‡ | |||||||
| Two shifts | 3,227 (53.09) | 1,317 (40.81) | 1,407 (43.6) | 343 (10.63) | 160 (4.96) | 16.78 | 0.010 |
| Three shifts | 2,649 (43.58) | 1,119 (42.24) | 1,100 (41.53) | 290 (10.95) | 140 (5.29) | ||
| Others | 202 (3.32) | 67 (33.17) | 84 (41.58) | 36 (17.82) | 15 (7.43) | ||
| Shift rotation direction | |||||||
| Clockwise | 3,677 (60.50) | 1,572 (42.75) | 1,517 (41.26) | 392 (10.66) | 196 (5.33) | 11.10 | 0.011 |
| Counterclockwise | 2,401 (39.50) | 931 (38.78) | 1,074 (44.73) | 277 (11.54) | 119 (4.96) | ||
| Shift work experience | |||||||
| 0–5 years | 1,946 (32.02) | 853 (43.83) | 806 (41.42) | 213 (10.95) | 74 (3.80) | 20.58 | 0.057 |
| 6–10 years | 2,218 (36.49) | 901 (40.62) | 952 (42.92) | 244 (11.00) | 121 (5.46) | ||
| 11–15 years | 1,406 (23.13) | 547 (38.9) | 615 (43.74) | 158 (11.24) | 86 (6.12) | ||
| 16–20 years | 384 (6.32) | 158 (41.15) | 163 (42.45) | 39 (10.16) | 24 (6.25) | ||
| >20 years | 124 (2.04) | 44 (35.48) | 55 (44.35) | 15 (12.10) | 10 (8.06) | ||
| Months of shift work per year | |||||||
| 1–3 months | 289 (4.75) | 152 (52.60) | 100 (34.60) | 31 (10.73) | 6 (2.08) | 45.92 | <0.001 |
| 10–12 months | 4,757 (78.27) | 1,916 (40.28) | 2,016 (42.38) | 551 (11.58) | 274 (5.76) | ||
| 7–9 months | 538 (8.85) | 211 (39.22) | 266 (49.44) | 42 (7.81) | 19 (3.53) | ||
| 4–6 months | 494 (8.13) | 224 (45.34) | 209 (42.31) | 45 (9.11) | 16 (3.24) | ||
| Night shifts per month | |||||||
| ≤ 4 | 1,267 (20.85) | 602 (47.51) | 484 (38.2) | 122 (9.63) | 59 (4.66) | 34.89 | <0.001 |
| 5–9 | 4,150 (68.28) | 1,655 (39.88) | 1,825 (43.98) | 462 (11.13) | 208 (5.01) | ||
| ≥10 | 661 (10.88) | 246 (37.22) | 282 (42.66) | 85 (12.86) | 48 (7.26) | ||
| Interval between night shifts | |||||||
| ≤ 4 days | 1,955 (32.17) | 779 (39.85) | 827 (42.30) | 241 (12.33) | 108 (5.52) | 7.87 | 0.248 |
| 5–7 days | 3,474 (57.16) | 1,443 (41.54) | 1,488 (42.83) | 368 (10.59) | 175 (5.04) | ||
| ≥8 days | 649 (10.68) | 281 (43.30) | 276 (42.53) | 60 (9.24) | 32 (4.93) | ||
| Night shift staffing | |||||||
| 1 | 1,932 (31.79) | 815 (42.18) | 799 (41.36) | 218 (11.28) | 100 (5.18) | 10.58 | 0.306 |
| 2 (take turns) | 2,212 (36.39) | 916 (41.41) | 953 (43.08) | 220 (9.95) | 123 (5.56) | ||
| 2 (take no turns) | 838 (13.79) | 322 (38.42) | 382 (45.58) | 97 (11.58) | 37 (4.42) | ||
| ≥3 | 1,096 (18.03) | 450 (41.06) | 457 (41.70) | 134 (12.23) | 55 (5.02) | ||
| Psychological stress before night shifts | |||||||
| No | 633 (10.41) | 455 (71.88) | 138 (21.8) | 27 (4.27) | 13 (2.05) | 276.13 | <0.001 |
| Yes | 5,445 (89.59) | 2,048 (37.61) | 2,453 (45.05) | 642 (11.79) | 302 (5.55) | ||
| Psychological stress during night shifts | |||||||
| No | 698 (11.48) | 508 (72.78) | 150 (21.49) | 29 (4.15) | 11 (1.58) | 327.28 | <0.001 |
| Yes | 5,380 (88.52) | 1,995 (37.08) | 2,441 (45.37) | 640 (11.9) | 304 (5.65) | ||
| Psychological stress after night shifts | |||||||
| No | 2,546 (41.89) | 1452 (57.03) | 879 (34.52) | 154 (6.05) | 61 (2.40) | 498.26 | <0.001 |
| Yes | 3,532 (58.11) | 1,051 (29.76) | 1,712 (48.47) | 515 (14.58) | 254 (7.19) | ||
| Using sleep medication before night shifts | |||||||
| Never/rarely | 4,729 (77.81) | 2,167 (45.82) | 1,956 (41.36) | 424 (8.97) | 182 (3.85) | 296.25 | <0.001 |
| Sometimes | 1,130 (18.59) | 280 (24.78) | 549 (48.58) | 203 (17.96) | 98 (8.67) | ||
| Often | 219 (3.60) | 56 (25.57) | 86 (39.27) | 42 (19.18) | 35 (15.98) | ||
| Using sleep medication after night shifts | |||||||
| Never/rarely | 4,930 (81.11) | 2,234 (45.31) | 2,046 (41.5) | 453 (9.19) | 197 (4.00) | 288.21 | <0.001 |
| Sometimes | 946 (15.56) | 217 (22.94) | 473 (50.00) | 167 (17.65) | 89 (9.41) | ||
| Often | 202 (3.32) | 52 (25.74) | 72 (35.64) | 49 (24.26) | 29 (14.36) | ||
| Physical discomfort during night shifts | |||||||
| No | 1,935 (31.84) | 1,151 (59.48) | 637 (32.92) | 117 (6.05) | 30 (1.55) | 429.40 | <0.001 |
| Yes | 4,143 (68.16) | 1,352 (32.63) | 1,954 (47.16) | 552 (13.32) | 285 (6.88) | ||
| Busyness during night shifts | |||||||
| No | 1,739 (28.61) | 867 (49.86) | 677 (38.93) | 152 (8.74) | 43 (2.47) | 98.22 | <0.001 |
| Yes | 4,339 (71.39) | 1,636 (37.70) | 1,914 (44.11) | 517 (11.92) | 272 (6.27) | ||
| Feeling of being refreshed after resting before night shifts | |||||||
| No | 1,657 (27.26) | 408 (24.62) | 774 (46.71) | 282 (17.02) | 193 (11.65) | 419.09 | <0.001 |
| Yes | 4,421 (72.74) | 2,095 (47.39) | 1,817 (41.10) | 387 (8.75) | 122 (2.76) | ||
| Feeling of being refreshed after resting after night shifts | |||||||
| No | 767 (12.62) | 182 (23.73) | 324 (42.24) | 148 (19.3) | 113 (14.73) | 274.22 | <0.001 |
| Yes | 5,311 (87.38) | 2,321 (43.70) | 2,267 (42.68) | 521 (9.81) | 202 (3.80) | ||
| Sleep quality before night shifts | |||||||
| Normal | 3,996 (65.75) | 1,904 (47.65) | 1,645 (41.17) | 326 (8.16) | 121 (3.03) | 314.81 | <0.001 |
| Poor | 2,082 (34.25) | 599 (28.77) | 946 (45.44) | 343 (16.47) | 194 (9.32) | ||
| Sleep quality after night shifts | |||||||
| Normal | 4,700 (77.33) | 2,118 (45.06) | 1,971 (41.94) | 445 (9.47) | 166 (3.53) | 231.81 | <0.001 |
| Poor | 1,378 (22.67) | 385 (27.94) | 620 (44.99) | 224 (16.26) | 149 (10.81) | ||
| Food intake during shift work | |||||||
| Normal | 2,085 (34.30) | 1,051 (50.41) | 798 (38.27) | 173 (8.30) | 63 (3.02) | 133.62 | <0.001 |
| More | 749 (12.32) | 276 (36.85) | 317 (42.32) | 102 (13.62) | 54 (7.21) | ||
| Less | 3,244 (53.37) | 1,176 (36.25) | 1,476 (45.5) | 394 (12.15) | 198 (6.10) | ||
| Meal timing during shift work | |||||||
| Regular | 2,302 (37.87) | 1,141 (49.57) | 904 (39.27) | 195 (8.47) | 62 (2.69) | 141.66 | <0.001 |
| Early | 1,008 (16.58) | 384 (38.10) | 432 (42.86) | 123 (12.20) | 69 (6.85) | ||
| Delayed | 2,768 (45.54) | 978 (35.33) | 1255 (45.34) | 351 (12.68) | 184 (6.65) | ||
| Working > 40 h/week during shift work | |||||||
| Never/rarely | 1,148 (18.89) | 671 (58.45) | 370 (32.23) | 75 (6.53) | 32 (2.79) | 261.40 | <0.001 |
| 1 week/month | 1,160 (19.09) | 503 (43.36) | 512 (44.14) | 113 (9.74) | 32 (2.76) | ||
| 2 weeks/month | 1,069 (17.59) | 401 (37.51) | 494 (46.21) | 134 (12.54) | 40 (3.74) | ||
| 3 weeks/month | 638 (10.50) | 234 (36.68) | 289 (45.3) | 77 (12.07) | 38 (5.96) | ||
| 4 weeks/month | 2,063 (33.94) | 694 (33.64) | 926 (44.89) | 270 (13.09) | 173 (8.39) | ||
| Rest during night shifts | |||||||
| No | 1,868 (30.73) | 757 (40.52) | 731 (39.13) | 246 (13.17) | 134 (7.17) | 40.10 | <0.001 |
| Yes | 4,210 (69.27) | 1,746 (41.47) | 1,860 (44.18) | 423 (10.05) | 181 (4.30) | ||
SD, standard deviation; CNY, China Yuan. Statistically significant differences after application of the Bonferroni correction are shown as bold numbers (p < 0.002).
†
Nursing professional titles can be divided into three categories: primary, intermediate and senior.
‡
Other work schedules include long-term irregular shifts for a variety of reasons.
§
F for one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and χ2 for chi-square test.