Table 6.
Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis of demographic and shift work characteristics associated with depression and anxiety in shift nurses (N = 6,078).
| Variables | Depression | Anxiety | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | |
| Age (for every additional year) | 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) | 0.139 | 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) | 0.197 |
| Months of shift work per year (ref: 1–3 months) | ||||
| 10–12 months | 1.24 (0.97, 1.58) | 0.088 | 1.22 (0.95, 1.57) | 0.122 |
| 7–9 months | 1.06 (0.79, 1.42) | 0.699 | 1.24 (0.93, 1.67) | 0.149 |
| 4–6 months | 1.15 (0.85, 1.54) | 0.364 | 1.13 (0.84, 1.54) | 0.412 |
| Night shifts per month (ref: ≤4) | ||||
| 5–9 | 0.95 (0.84, 1.09) | 0.476 | 0.95 (0.83, 1.08) | 0.406 |
| ≥10 | 1.06 (0.88, 1.28) | 0.562 | 0.91 (0.75, 1.11) | 0.349 |
| Psychological stress before night shifts (ref: No) | ||||
| Yes | 1.09 (0.83, 1.42) | 0.535 | 1.14 (0.87, 1.50) | 0.343 |
| Psychological stress during night shifts (ref: No) | ||||
| Yes | 1.30 (1.01, 1.69) | 0.046 | 1.51 (1.16, 1.98) | 0.002 |
| Psychological stress after night shifts (ref: No) | ||||
| Yes | 1.51 (1.35, 1.69) | <0.001 | 1.73 (1.54, 1.94) | <0.001 |
| Feeling of being refreshed after resting before night shifts (ref: No) | ||||
| Yes | 0.72 (0.64, 0.81) | <0.001 | 0.69 (0.61, 0.78) | <0.001 |
| Feeling of being refreshed after resting after night shifts (ref: No) | ||||
| Yes | 0.71 (0.61, 0.83) | <0.001 | 0.75 (0.64, 0.88) | <0.001 |
| Using sleep medication before night shifts (ref: Never/rarely) | ||||
| Sometimes | 1.23 (1.04, 1.45) | 0.015 | 1.23 (1.04, 1.46) | 0.017 |
| Often | 1.54 (1.09, 2.16) | 0.014 | 1.59 (1.13, 2.22) | 0.007 |
| Using sleep medication after night shifts (ref: Never/rarely) | ||||
| Sometimes | 1.42 (1.19, 1.70) | <0.001 | 1.28 (1.07, 1.53) | 0.007 |
| Often | 1.67 (1.17, 2.38) | 0.005 | 1.35 (0.95, 1.93) | 0.095 |
| Physical discomfort during night shifts (ref: No) | ||||
| Yes | 1.62 (1.43, 1.83) | <0.001 | 1.46 (1.29, 1.65) | <0.001 |
| Busyness during night shifts (ref: No) | ||||
| Yes | 1.14 (1.01, 1.28) | 0.030 | 1.06 (0.95, 1.20) | 0.300 |
| Sleep quality before night shifts (ref: Normal) | ||||
| Poor | 1.19 (1.06, 1.33) | 0.004 | 1.19 (1.06, 1.34) | 0.004 |
| Sleep quality after night shifts (ref: Normal) | ||||
| Poor | 1.29 (1.14, 1.47) | <0.001 | 1.18 (1.04, 1.34) | 0.012 |
| Food intake during shift work (ref: Normal) | ||||
| More | 1.25 (1.04, 1.50) | 0.019 | 1.10 (0.91, 1.33) | 0.320 |
| Less | 1.12 (0.98, 1.29) | 0.096 | 1.03 (0.90, 1.19) | 0.644 |
| Meal timing during shift work (ref: Regular) | ||||
| Early | 1.02 (0.86, 1.20) | 0.820 | 1.12 (0.95, 1.33) | 0.181 |
| Delayed | 1.13 (0.98, 1.29) | 0.084 | 1.13 (0.98, 1.29) | 0.089 |
| Working > 40 h/week during shift work (ref: Never/rarely) | ||||
| 1 week/month | 1.29 (1.09, 1.52) | 0.003 | 1.27 (1.07, 1.51) | 0.007 |
| 2 weeks/month | 1.41 (1.18, 1.67) | <0.001 | 1.47 (1.23, 1.75) | <0.001 |
| 3 weeks/month | 1.41 (1.16, 1.72) | 0.001 | 1.51 (1.23, 1.84) | <0.001 |
| 4 weeks/month | 1.60 (1.37, 1.87) | <0.001 | 1.66 (1.42, 1.94) | <0.001 |
| Fatigue scores (for every additional point) | ||||
| Physical fatigue scores | 1.20 (1.18, 1.23) | <0.001 | 1.19 (1.17, 1.22) | <0.001 |
| Mental fatigue scores | 1.35 (1.30, 1.40) | <0.001 | 1.26 (1.21, 1.31) | <0.001 |
| Rest during night shifts (ref: No) | ||||
| Yes | 1.03 (0.92, 1.15) | 0.632 | 0.97 (0.87, 1.09) | 0.632 |
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ref, reference group. Statistically significant differences after application of the Bonferroni correction are shown as bold numbers (p < 0.025).