Figure 1. Mitochondrial Genotype Drift after MR.

(A) mtDNA carryover during preimplantation development. Parthenotes without MR were used as a control for background noise of the assay (blue line). The red line indicates the level of detection. TE, trophectoderm; PB, polar body.

(B) Heteroplasmy in MR-PS cell lines during extended culture.

(C) Heteroplasmy in MR-PS12 cells made with a mitochondrial donor of the L3 haplotype and a nuclear donor of the H1 haplotype. Black line, bulk cultures; blue dots, colonies grown from single cells at specific passages.

(D) Heteroplasmy in MR-PS12 cultures expanded from single cells. F, T, P, N, R, and O indicate individual clonal cell lines.

(E) Heteroplasmy in nuclear transfer ESCs. NT1018 is diploid, whereas soPS cells contain both a somatic and oocyte nuclear genome (Noggle et al., 2011).

(F) Sanger sequencing of diploid nuclear transfer ESCs generated with a somatic cell of the K1 haplotype and an oocyte of the L0 haplotype.

(G) Allele refractory mutation system (ARMS)-qPCR for heteroplasmy in three diploid nuclear transfer ESC lines generated with a somatic cell of the K1 haplotype

and an oocyte of the L0 haplotype. Black symbols, bulk cultures; colored squares of dots, genotype dynamics in colonies grown from single cells at the indicated passages.

(H) Heteroplasmy in differentiated fibroblasts, cardiomyocytes, and teratomas from stem cells.

(I) Cell competition assay. Shown is the percentage of cells with the K1 haplotype (NT6 and NT8) mixed at the indicated ratio with cells of haplotype L0 (NT5).