Table 2.

Details of review papers.

Review’s Study Design	Authors	Psychological Therapy	Psychological and Relational Causes	Organic Correlations Highlighted
Narrative review	Sooriyamoorthy et al. [14]	Psychotherapy (orientation not specified); Psychosexual counselling	Anxiety; Depression; Relational components	ED is closely linked to CVD (diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, and hypertension), among other disorders. Men with erectile dysfunction had 44% more cardiovascular events, 62% more myocardial infarctions, 39% more strokes, and a 25% increased risk of death compared with patients without ED.
Narrative review	Nguyen et al. [13]	Cognitive–behavioral sexual therapy; Psychosexual counselling	Anxiety; Depression; Relational components	ED is correlated with endocrinological risk factors such as diabetes, thyroid disease, excessive soy consumption, and KS (Klinefelter syndrome). For the treatment of ED in young men, oral PDE5Is remain the first-line oral agents used. In addition, surgical and hormonal treatments have been more widely used in the treatment of ED in young men.
Narrative review	Papagiannopoulos et al. [19]	Psychosexual therapy (only regarding possible pre-1970s therapies);	Anxiety (named only for differential with organic causes); Relational components (as a differential between psychogenic and organic ED)	Young men with ED may be at higher risk of future morbidity and mortality: ED may be an indicator of poor general health and CVD. Men with ED should be evaluated for subclinical CVD risk factors.
Narrative review	Ho et al. [10]	Behavioral therapy (for ED)	Depression	Modern medicine is complemented by traditional medicine (e.g., acupuncture, acupressure, yoga, herbal medicine, and spiritual healing): in Malaysia, 65% of men felt that traditional medicines were better than conventional ones.
Scoping review	Rastrelli et al. [16]	Cognitive–behavioral sexual therapy Psychoanalysis (only regarding possible pre-1970s therapies)	Anxiety; Depression; Relational components	ED in young men, even more so than in older men, can be considered a harbinger of CVD. Young men reporting ED risk being dismissed without a specific medical assessment because of the assumption that ED in young men is a self-limiting condition without clinical consequences.
Umbrella review	Allen et al. [15]	Psychosexual therapy; Couple therapy; Group psychotherapy (orientation not specified)	Anxiety (only in relation to the decrease in depression anxiety with alcohol assumption); Depression	Because diabetes, poor diet, obesity, low exercise, and CVD are interconnected, identifying the primary risk factor can be difficult. The most obvious candidate for a primary risk factor is a weakened vascular system.

Legend: ED = erectile dysfunction; CVD = Cardiovascular Disease.