Table 3.
Experienced stigma 1 among interviewed men who have sex with men, Manzanillo, Mexico (n = 142).
| Dimensions and Items | Presence of Stigma 2 | Croncbah’s α | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Percent (n) | 95% CI 3 | ||
| Discrimination acts | 0.82 | ||
| Denied work/employment access | 35.9 (51) | 27.5–43.7 | |
| Denied access to public places | 34.5 (49) | 26.8–43.0 | |
| Detained or jailed | 16.9 (24) | 11.3–23.2 | |
| Denied registration in a school | 13.3 (19) | 7.7–19.0 | |
| Denied participation in social organizations | 8.5 (12) | 4.2–13.4 | |
| Denied access to health services | 4.9 (7) | 1.4–8.5 | |
| Prejudices | |||
| Rejected because you were considered a bad influence | 26.8 (38) | 19.0–33.8 | |
| Friends/acquaintances distanced themselves from you | 24.6 (35) | 17.6–31.7 | |
| Limited participation to religious events | 15.5 (22) | 9.9–21.8 | |
| Expelled from home or residence place | 15.5 (22) | 9.9–21.8 | |
| Stereotypes | |||
| Rejected because homosexuality can be contagious | 21.8 (31) | 15.5–28.2 | |
| Rejected because you might have HIV or a STI | 18.3 (26) | 12.0–23.9 | |
| Rejected because you don’t deserve equal treatment | 17.6 (25) | 11.3–23.9 | |
1 No stigma (score ≤13) = 33.8%, low stigma (score 14–20) = 40.1%, high stigma (score > 20) = 26.1%; 2 Includes scores from 2 to 5 in a Likert scale (at least once, sometimes, nearly always, always); 3 Bootstrap for percentage of 1000 samples.