Larsen 2000.

Methods	Single‐centre RCT
Participants	Setting: University of Saarland, Germany Inclusion criteria: ASA I‐II patients, aged 18–65 year, scheduled for elective operative procedures Exclusion criteria: a history of a significant cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, or renal disease; chronic drug or alcohol abuse; morbid obesity; disabling neuropsychiatric disorders; hypersensitivity to aesthetics or familial history of malignant hyperthermia; women who were pregnant or breast‐feeding; patients who refused to give consent Participant numbers: 60 randomly assigned; 60 analysed
Interventions	Intervention: before the induction of anaesthesia, all patients received fentanyl 2 μg/kg IV, then breathed 100% oxygen for 3 min. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol 2 mg/kg IV. After loss of consciousness, patients received either desflurane at an endtidal concentration of 5% or sevoflurane 1.7% and rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg to facilitate endotracheal intubation. Maintenance of anaesthesia was provided with the respective volatile anaesthetic (0.85 MAC concentration with nitrous oxide 65% in oxygen; the inspired concentration was adjusted to maintain mean arterial pressure within 20% of baseline values. Control: patients were infused with remifentanil at a rate of 0.5 μg/kg/min until they felt dazed. Thereafter, anaesthesia was induced by propofol in a dose adequate for loss of eye‐lash reflex, followed by rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg for tracheal intubation. After intubation, remifentanil infusion was reduced to 0.25 μg/kg/min, and a propofol infusion was started at a rate of 3 mg/kg/min and maintained throughout surgery. During the maintenance of anaesthesia, patients were ventilated with a fresh gas flow of 2 L/min of oxygen 35% in air by using a semiclosed circle system. No inhaled anaesthetics were given.
Outcomes	Other outcomes: Quality of recovery
Notes	—
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Described as randomized but no further details.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No details given.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Quote: "The assignment of patients was single blinded."
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Inhospital case fatality rate/length of stay	Unclear risk	—
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Complications	Low risk	Quote: "Observer was blinded to the anaesthesia the patients had received."
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No missing data.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All outcomes described in methods section reported.
Other bias	Low risk	No other potential sources of bias were detected.