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Summarised mechanisms of action of ASI/AIT and associated risks. Antigen-specific immunotherapies have varying mechanisms of action and potential risks depending on whether they utilise (A) intact allergen, (B) intact autoantigen, or (C) peptides representing T cell epitopes of either allergen or autoantigen. Promotion of activity denoted by black arrows, inhibition of activity denoted by black dashed lines and mitigation of risks denoted by red crosses.
