TABLE 1.

Influence of farm‐related exposures on the host

Exposure	Host	Reference
Farming intrauterin	TNF‐alpha, IFN‐gamma	27
	TH1	28
	Regulatory T cells	29
Farming school‐age	TH1	31
	IL10, IL12, IFN‐gamma
N‐glycolylneuraminic acid	Regulatory T cells, IL‐10	33
Arabinogalactan	Less co‐stimulatory molecules	36
	Less proinflammatory cytokines
LPS/endotoxin	Less TNF‐alpha, INF‐gamma, IL‐10, IL‐12	37
	TLR expression	22, 25, 38
	SOCS4, IRAK‐2	39
	IL‐10, TGF‐beta
	A20 mediated reduced cytokine secretion	40, 41
Environmental microbes	MyD88 and Trif dependent inhibition of airway	43
	hyperreactivity and eosinophilia
	Less proinflammatory cytokines	44
Breast feeding	sIgA	45
	TGF‐beta, IL‐10	46
Food diversity	Colonization with butyrate‐producing bacteria	53
	SCFA	55, 56
	Regulatory T cells, IL‐10
Farm‐milk	Bovine serum albumin (BSA), α‐lactalbumin,	58
	β‐lactoglobulin
	Anti‐ β‐lactoglobulin IgA and IgG	61
	TGF‐beta	62
	ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids	63
	Regulatory T cells	59
	TLR4, TLR5, TLR6	64
	Gene‐environment CD14/‐1721	65