Table 2.

Study characteristics^9–42

Study	Imaging modality	Stage of imaging	nG2	nG3	nG4
Hakyemez et al35	DSC	Preoperative	8		18
Wolf et al42	CASL	Preoperative	5	8	11
Bastin et al31	DSC	Preoperative			10
Kim et al37	PASL	Preoperative	11	7	15
Haris et al36	DCE	Preoperative	17	7	35
Kim et al38	PASL	Preoperative	26
Weber et al41	PASL, DSC	Preoperative	12	26	24
Server et al39	DSC	Preoperative	18	14	47
Thomsen et al40	DSC	Preoperative, post-treatment	6		38
Fellah et al33	DSC	Preoperative	24	26
Artzi et al30	DSC	Post-treatment			14
Falk et al32	DSC, DCE	Preoperative	18	7
Furtner et al34	PASL	Preoperative			14
Andre et al10	pCASL	Recurrence			18
Qiao et al24	pCASL	Preoperative			53
Smitha et al25	DSC	Preoperative	15	18	7
Lin et al19	pCASL	Preoperative			24
Petr et al22	pCASL	Post-treatment			24
Puig et al23	DSC	Preoperative			15
Yang et al27	PASL	Preoperative	15	15	13
Ganbold et al13	pCASL	Preoperative			25
Kim et al16	pCASL	Recurrence			72
Lin et al20	DSC	Preoperative	18	15
Zeng et al29	pCASL	Preoperative	13	17	28
Brendle et al11	DCE, PASL	Preoperative	20
Durmo et al12	DSC	Preoperative	10
Han et al14	pCASL	Preoperative			92
Khashbat et al15	pCASL	Preoperative	6
Komatsu et al17	ASL - type unspecified	Preoperative	40	18	44
Lee et al18	DSC	Preoperative			89
Liu et al21	pCASL	Preoperative	22
Stadlbauer et al26	DSC	Preoperative, post-treatment			57
You et al28	pCASL	Preoperative			93
Sengupta et al43	DCE	Preoperative	15	12	26

CASL, Continuous arterial spin labelling; DCE, Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI; DSC, Dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI; G2, WHO grade two gliomas; G3, WHO grade three gliomas; G4, WHO grade four gliomas; PASL, Pulsed arterial spin labelling; pCASL, Pseudo continuous-continuous arterial spin labelling.

34 studies were included in the final quantitative meta-analysis. Please note that the numbers refer to the number of patients in the study. Most studies reported imaging metrics at the preoperative stage. G4 tumours were the most commonly studied.