Table 2.
Distribution of serum uric acid level analyzed by subgroups
| Serum uric acid level, mean ± SD (μmol/L) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Males | Females | |
| Area of residence a | |||
| Urban | 319.76 ± 93.41 | 368.19 ± 88.33 | 274.86 ± 73.41 |
| Rural | 308.63 ± 94.56 | 352.02 ± 93.86 | 266.47 ± 73.92 |
| P for difference | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Inland/coastal a | |||
| Inland | 312.62 ± 93.37 | 358.90 ± 90.77 | 269.26 ± 72.65 |
| Coastal | 319.32 ± 95.74 | 364.51 ± 92.57 | 275.31 ± 76.29 |
| P for difference | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Education a | |||
| Below high school | 304.04 ± 91.92 | 346.17 ± 91.60 | 270.31 ± 77.07 |
| High school and above | 323.53 ± 95.05 | 371.05 ± 89.78 | 271.59 ± 70.24 |
| P for difference | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.09 |
| Smoking a | |||
| No smoking | 299.27 ± 89.85 | 359.06 ± 91.40 | 270.48 ± 73.42 |
| Smoking | 357.54 ± 92.54 | 362.13 ± 91.29 | 286.61 ± 82.16 |
| P for difference | <0.001 | 0.94 | <0.001 |
| Age (years) b | |||
| 18–29 | 321.94 ± 96.46 | 373.36 ± 91.03 | 268.42 ± 68.92 |
| 30–39 | 311.64 ± 97.41 | 369.27 ± 90.12 | 257.68 ± 68.92 |
| 40–49 | 306.18 ± 93.91 | 356.79 ± 91.05 | 259.57 ± 69.09 |
| 50–59 | 314.11 ± 89.98 | 350.02 ± 90.39 | 282.02 ± 76.49 |
| 60–69 | 317.27 ± 89.17 | 348.17 ± 90.04 | 288.66 ± 78.15 |
| ≥70 | 320.70 ± 91.51 | 344.52 ± 92.33 | 298.70 ± 85.03 |
| P for trend | <0.001 (U) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m 2 ) b | |||
| <18.5 | 280.04 ± 80.72 | 330.99 ± 80.80 | 251.22 ± 64.89 |
| 18.5–23.9 | 295.46 ± 86.49 | 343.68 ± 85.25 | 259.43 ± 67.86 |
| 24.0–27.9 | 329.34 ± 94.23 | 367.58 ± 90.37 | 282.81 ± 76.17 |
| ≥28.0 | 355.77 ± 102.01 | 393.08 ± 99.04 | 304.05 ± 81.42 |
| P for trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Income (CNY/year) b | |||
| <5000 | 302.84 ± 92.26 | 347.54 ± 92.83 | 271.36 ± 77.72 |
| 5000–10,000 | 302.81 ± 93.60 | 346.72 ± 94.44 | 267.01 ± 76.03 |
| 10,000–30,000 | 306.10 ± 92.37 | 350.02 ± 92.17 | 268.97 ± 74.53 |
| 30,000–50,000 | 316.24 ± 93.24 | 361.39 ± 90.37 | 272.17 ± 72.65 |
| 50,000–100,000 | 324.06 ± 93.25 | 369.00 ± 86.96 | 272.76 ± 71.09 |
| >100,000 | 331.90 ± 98.72 | 380.59 ± 91.54 | 273.70 ± 71.82 |
| P for trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001(U) |
| Ethnic groups c | |||
| Han | 318.65 ± 93.64 | 364.56 ± 90.24 | 274.40 ± 73.34 |
| Tibetan | 298.24 ± 88.26* | 362.03 ± 79.93 | 261.58 ± 70.12* |
| Zhuang | 315.54 ± 91.60 | 363.68 ± 88.11 | 268.42 ± 67.22 |
| Uyghur | 243.22 ± 82.73* | 268.60 ± 88.42* | 221.28 ± 70.49* |
| Hui | 258.71 ± 80.46* | 301.64 ± 74.65* | 215.57 ± 60.57* |
| P for difference | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
ANOVA: analysis of variance; BMI: body mass index; CNY: Chinese yuan (1 CNY = 0.1489 USD); SD: standard deviation; SUA: serum uric acid; (U): u-shaped curve trend.
aThe SUA level within each subgroup was compared by the independent sample t-test.
bThe trend test of SUA level within each subgroup was analyzed through one-way ANOVA.
cThe SUA level among the five ethnic groups was compared through one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Bonferroni correction.
*Compared with Han people, the differences were statistically significant.