Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the primary cohort and two validation cohorts
| Characteristic | Primary cohort (n = 216) | Internal validation cohort (n = 108) | P value | External validation cohort (n = 162) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 0.812 | 0.530 | |||
| <50 | 123 (56.9) | 63 (58.3) | 87 (53.7) | ||
| ≥50 | 93 (43.1) | 45 (41.7) | 75 (46.3) | ||
| aMedian | 46(37-54) | 48(38-59) | 0.762 | 45(36-53) | 0.658 |
| T stage | 0.406 | 0.502 | |||
| T1(≤2 cm) | 120 (55.6) | 64 (59.3) | 91 (56.2) | ||
| T2(2–5 cm) | 89 (41.2) | 38 (35.2) | 62 (38.3) | ||
| T3(≥5 cm) | 7 (3.2) | 6 (5.5) | 9 (5.5) | ||
| N stage | 0.590 | 0.442 | |||
| N0 | 140 (64.8) | 76 (70.4) | 115 (71.0) | ||
| N1 | 48 (22.2) | 21 (19.4) | 29 (17.9) | ||
| N2 + N3 | 28 (13.0) | 11 (10.2) | 18 (11.1) | ||
| Stage | 0.490 | 0.175 | |||
| I | 93 (43.1) | 54 (50.0) | 78 (48.1) | ||
| II | 97 (44.9) | 42 (38.9) | 58 (35.8) | ||
| III | 26 (12.0) | 12 (11.1) | 26 (16.1) | ||
| Grade | 0.365 | 0.004 | |||
| I | 17 (7.9) | 4 (3.7) | 18 (11.1) | ||
| II | 37 (17.1) | 19 (17.6) | 48 (29.6) | ||
| III | 162 (75.0) | 85 (78.7) | 96 (59.3) | ||
| Tumor shape | 0.627 | 0.330 | |||
| Regular | 80 (37.0) | 43 (39.8) | 68 (42.0) | ||
| Irregular | 136 (63.0) | 65 (60.2) | 94 (58.0) | ||
| Tumor margin | 0.722 | 0.290 | |||
| Smooth | 56 (25.9) | 30 (27.8) | 50 (30.9) | ||
| Non-smooth | 160 (74.1) | 78 (72.2) | 112 (69.1) | ||
| Tumor orientation | 0.708 | 0.273 | |||
| Parallel | 191 (88.4) | 97 (89.8) | 137 (84.6) | ||
| Not Parallel | 25 (11.6) | 11 (10.2) | 25 (15.4) | ||
| Posterior acoustic pattern | 0.460 | 0.123 | |||
| No change | 110 (50.9) | 51 (47.2) | 93 (57.4) | ||
| Enhancement | 70 (32.4) | 31 (28.7) | 35 (21.6) | ||
| Shadowing | 28 (13.0) | 20 (18.5) | 28 (17.3) | ||
| Combined pattern | 8 (3.7) | 6 (5.6) | 6 (3.7) | ||
| Ki16 index | 0.578 | 0.356 | |||
| <30% | 95 (44.0) | 44 (40.7) | 79 (48.8) | ||
| ≥30% | 121 (56.0) | 64 (59.3) | 83 (51.2) | ||
| Lymphovascular invasion | 0.510 | 0.426 | |||
| Present | 78 (36.1) | 35 (32.4) | 65 (40.1) | ||
| Absent | 138 (63.9) | 73 (67.6) | 97 (59.9) | ||
| Surgery type | 0.655 | 0.057 | |||
| Mastectomy | 161 (74.5) | 78 (72.2) | 134 (82.7) | ||
| Lumpectomy | 55 (25.5) | 30 (27.8) | 28 (17.3) | ||
| Adjuvant chemotherapy | 0.396 | 0.494 | |||
| Yes | 178 (82.4) | 93 (86.1) | 129 (79.6) | ||
| No | 38 (17.6) | 15 (13.9) | 33 (20.4) | ||
| Adjuvant radiotherapy | 0.520 | 0.119 | |||
| Yes | 134 (62.0) | 63 (58.3) | 114 (70.4) | ||
| No | 82 (38.0) | 45 (41.7) | 48 (29.6) |
Data are number of patients; data in parentheses are percentage.
a
Data are medians, with interquartile range in parentheses.