Table 3.
Major contents of the reviewed articles (N=25)
| First author (year) | Design | Participant (sample size) | Purpose/research question | Main variables | Key findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ko (2020) [35] | Qualitative study | Single women (13) | To understand young female adults' experiences of building a new intimate relationship after ending their abusive relationship | • Exploring IPV experiences | • The victim-survivors of IPV experienced numerous negative consequences even after their abusive relationships ended. |
| • Process of escaping IPV relationships | |||||
| • Experiences after the IPV relationship had ended | • Care, safety planning, and emotional support for IPV victims are needed. | ||||
| • Experiences of new intimate relationships | |||||
| Park (2020) [34] | Qualitative study | Single women (14) | To understand South Korean female IPV victims' experiences in seeking help | • Experiences when seeking help according to selection of supporters | • Revealed the victims' experiences according to their choice of support and noted four factors that appear to influence their support selection, which were (a) recognition of the consequent harm after seeking help, (b) recognition of serious danger, (c) recognition of the probability of coping, and (d) recognition of the relationship. |
| • Factors influencing supporter selection | |||||
| Kwon (2019) [29] | Qualitative study | Single women (14) | To explore the experiences of being coercively controlled in female victims who had experienced dating violence | • Experience of dating violence | • Starting the relationship by idealizing it (period of potential control) |
| • Coping with dating violence | • Facing with visible coercive control (period of coercive control) | ||||
| • Changes after the end of the relationship | • Escaping from the unending trap (period of post-control) | ||||
| • Life impact of violent experiences | |||||
| Kwak (2018) [23] | Quantitative descriptive study | Single women (137) | To investigate the effects of adult attachment, responsibility attribution, and self-esteem of adult women on psychological aspect in intimate relationships | • Adult attachment | • The older, more dating experiences, and higher sense of responsibility, the higher the harm of psychological violence. |
| • Responsibility attribution | |||||
| • Self-esteem | • The older, more dating experiences, and more adult attachment, the higher the harms of psychological violence. | ||||
| • Psychological violence | |||||
| You (2018) [31] | Qualitative study | Single women (17) | To explore how women affected by dating violence experience the psychology of increasing levels of physical and sexual violence from mental violence | • Beginning of a relationship | • Causal conditions: weird, painfully pleasant, embarrassed, and scared |
| • First IPV experience | • Contextual conditions: experiencing acceptance of violence and unusual love | ||||
| • IPV coping | • Arbitral conditions: level of experience of violence, the level of violence response, and the level of relationship immersion affect | ||||
| • Relationship with parents | |||||
| • What would have changed if I had realized that IPV had occurred? | |||||
| Hong (2017) [20] | Quantitative descriptive study | Single women (65) | To explore factors affecting the battered women's decision to return to the abusive relationship | • Learned helplessness | • The more learned helplessness and the more severe IPV, the less likely the battered women could escape from abusive relationships. |
| • Social support | |||||
| • Spousal assault risk | |||||
| Kim (2017) [19] | Quantitative | Single women (16) | To examine psychological difficulties and stress levels in abused and non-abused Korean women and analyze the relationship between psychological outcomes and stress level | • Psychological variables | • Women who experienced IPV had more life stress events and lower antioxidant levels than non-abused women. |
| • Oxidative stress biomarkers | |||||
| • Relationships between a women's physical health and life stress arising from IPV had significant implications. | |||||
| Woo (2017) [32] | Qualitative study | Single women (7) | To understand the process and contextual factors of victims’ experiences of dating violence | • Experience of overcoming dating violence | • The central phenomenon experienced by women affected by dating violence was the being trapped in a violent situation. |
| • Unstable parenting environment, such as parental abuse, and loving interpretation of the perpetrator's excessive care and controlling behavior | |||||
| • Analysis of the process of dating violence experience with trial steps, tightrope steps, recovery phases, and growth phases | |||||
| Park (2017) [41] | Qualitative study | Single women (6) | To explore the experiences of being coercively controlled in dating violence victims | • Experience of being coercively controlled | • Idealizing the relationship (period of potential control) |
| • Facing severer tyranny (period of coercive control) | |||||
| • Escaping from the unending trap (period of post-control) | |||||
| Shon (2016) [39] | Mixed method Single women study (548) | To verify the impact of the continuation of dating violence on girls as a cognitive process | • Gender role stereotypes | • Internal reasons included low self-esteem, fear, fear, anxiety, excessive altruism, and a desire not to be abandoned. | |
| • Allowing dating violence | |||||
| • Sexual self-assertion | • A significant correlation was found between gender stereotypes of college students, tolerance for dating violence, and sexual self-assertion. | ||||
| • Qualitative: reasons for sexual assertions and how to asking help | |||||
| Park (2016) [24] | Quantitative descriptive study | Married women (150) | To determine the levels of violence perceived by female victims of IPV and to explore factors other than gender stereotypes in multilateral aspects | • Type of abuse (physical, emotional, and sexual abuse) | • IPV usually exhibited two or more forms. |
| • Gender stereotypes | • The higher the violence experience, the higher the gender stereotypes. | ||||
| • The lower the level of education, the more experience they had of IPV. | |||||
| Hong (2015) [26] | Quantitative descriptive study | Married women (222) | To explore the reasons why battered married women do not ask for help from legal and institutional systems | • Active reactions to spousal violence | •A permissive attitude toward violence in Korea disrupted victims' questions for outside help |
| Bae (2014) [33] | Qualitative study | Married women (1) | To understand how identity is constructed for a woman who has experienced multiple violence | • Experiences of marital violence and identity of IPV | •The woman reconstructed her identity from “a bad woman” who deserved the violence to “a good mother,” not referring to ideology of mothering but “goodness” as value for her to reflect upon. |
| Choi (2014) [17] | Quantitative descriptive study | Single women (52) | To explore parental violence victim experiences and parental violence witnessed | • Parental violence experiences | •Parental violence experiences are noted for implicit gender stereotypes and dating violence experiences. |
| • Dating violence experience | • Those who experienced parental violence had high levels of stereotypes. | ||||
| • Implicit gender stereotypes | • Experience of parental violence before adulthood affects interpersonal relationships in adulthood. | ||||
| • Children exposed to parental violence are at risk of exposure to adult dating violence. | |||||
| Park (2014) [30] | Qualitative study | Married women (12) | To explore mothering experiences of battered women in the context of marital violence | • Experience of mothering | • Women who experienced violence had experiences that could be explained as “keep their lives going on by taking care of responsibilities and maintaining relationships with children.” |
| Jennings (2014) [21] | Quantitative descriptive study | Single women (1,252) | To estimate the effect of experiencing child physical abuse on dating violence among South Korean emerging adults | • Physical dating violence perpetration and victimization | • Child maltreatment is linked to later dating violence through mechanisms of social learning. |
| • Physical child abuse | |||||
| Kim (2013) [38] | Secondary data analysis | Married women (3,153) | To examine the relationships between IPV and depression | • Level of physical violence | • Experiencing IPV influenced woman's level of depression in terms of its overall level and rate of change. |
| • Depression | |||||
| • Social support | |||||
| • Household income | |||||
| Kim (2013) [37] | Secondary data analysis | Married women (119) | To explore the risk factors for predicting IPV in the framework of feminism theories | • Type of abuse (physical, emotional, and | • Predictable risk factors varied according to the type of IPV |
| sexual abuse) | • Socioeconomic status incompatibility was related to IPV. | ||||
| Han (2012) [36] | Secondary data analysis | Single women (172) | To explore IPV victim's harm level, IPV beliefs and attitudes toward IPV | • Female abuse assessment | • Beliefs and attitudes regarding IPV had a significant relationship with harm, depression, and IPV. |
| • Beliefs and attitudes toward IPV | |||||
| • Depression | |||||
| Park (2012) [25] | Quantitative descriptive study | Single women (240) | To investigate the factors affecting sexual assertiveness of female university students in order to prevent university students from having sexual problems | • Sexual harm and abuse | • Sexual assertiveness of female university students was correlated with the common idea of sexual violence, sexual experience (negative), and tolerance toward violence on dating (positive). |
| • Common ideas of sexual violence | • Sexual assertiveness in university students influenced sexual intercourse experience and common ideas of sexual violence. | ||||
| • Tolerance toward violence in dating | |||||
| • Sexual assertiveness | |||||
| Hong (2011) [40] | Qualitative study | Married women (6) | To explore the experience of women who left their abusive husbands | • Experience of leaving husband-to-wife violence | • Main themes were “keeping severing the violence with strength,” “self-exploring/accepting/understanding,” “strength gained/lost by outer factors,” “reconstruction of intimate relationship,” and “lingering problems and new hopes.” |
| Kim (2010) [27] | Quantitative descriptive study | Married women (124) | To examine the factors related to use of formal and informal resources by battered women | • Severity of physical violence | • The demographic characteristics, severity of physical violence, violence-related consequences, and partner child abuse were somewhat predictive of how battered women sought help. |
| • Violence-related consequences partner and child abuse | |||||
| Kim (2010) [28] | Quantitative descriptive study | Married women (95) | How are abused South Korean women who resort to lethal violence against their abusers different from those who do not? | • Abuse | • Increased education and income levels may reduce women's tolerance for intimate partner abuse, as well as increasing the likelihood of seeking outside help when such abuse does occur. |
| • Patriarchal attitude | • Patriarchal attitudes were negatively correlated with four variables (psychological abuse, education, physical abuse, and employment). | ||||
| • Marriage-related variables | |||||
| • Socio-demographic measures | |||||
| Kim (2009) [18] | Quantitative descriptive study | Mamed women (1,079) | To examine the relationship between different types of marital violence, previous parental violence, and the mental health status of Korean women | • Self-esteem | • Both physical marital violence and previous parental verbal abuse had significant relationships with depression, stress, and aggression (i.e., mental health). |
| • Depression | |||||
| • Stress | |||||
| • Aggression | |||||
| Kim (2009) [22] | Quantitative descriptive study | Married women (531) | To add knowledge about spousal homicide in non-Western cultures | • Severity of abuse | •The model for abuse history, patriarchal attitudes, and risk-taking preference were statistically significant, explaining 56.6%, 18.4%, and 4.1% of variance, respectively. |
| • Strength of patriarchal attitudes | |||||
| • Risk-taking preference |
IPV: intimate partner violence.